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2021-09-21

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Apple Is Working on iPhone Features to Help Detect Depression, Cognitive Decline<blockquote>苹果正在开发iPhone功能，以帮助检测抑郁症和认知能力下降</blockquote>

Company is working with UCLA, Biogen to see if sensitive data like facial expressions, typing metric

Apple Is Working on iPhone Features to Help Detect Depression, Cognitive Decline<blockquote>苹果正在开发iPhone功能，以帮助检测抑郁症和认知能力下降</blockquote>

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Apple hopes that would become the basis for unique features for its devices, according to the people and documents.<blockquote>知情人士说，利用一系列传感器数据，包括流动性、身体活动、睡眠模式、打字行为等，研究人员希望能够梳理出与目标条件相关的数字信号，以便创建算法来可靠地检测它们。据知情人士和文件称，苹果希望这将成为其设备独特功能的基础。</blockquote> The efforts spring from research partnerships that Apple has announced with the University of California, Los Angeles, which is studying stress, anxiety and depression, and pharmaceutical companyBiogenInc.,BIIB-0.57%which is studying mild cognitive impairment. “Seabreeze” is Apple’s code name for the UCLA project and “Pi” is the code name for the Biogen project, according to the people and documents.<blockquote>这些努力源于苹果宣布与加州大学洛杉机分校（University of California，Los Angeles）和制药公司BiogenInc.（BIIB-0.57%）的合作研究，前者研究压力、焦虑和抑郁，后者研究轻度认知障碍。根据知情人士和文件，“Seabreeze”是苹果对加州大学洛杉矶分校项目的代号，“Pi”是Biogen项目的代号。</blockquote> Biogen launched its study on Monday, but many of the details about Apple’s studies haven’t been reported. The pharmaceutical company received approval this summer from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for a new drug totreat mild cognitive impairment.<blockquote>百健(Biogen)周一启动了这项研究，但有关苹果研究的许多细节尚未报道。该制药公司今年夏天获得了美国的批准。美国食品药品监督管理局申请一种治疗轻度认知障碍的新药。</blockquote> Representatives for Apple, Biogen and UCLA declined to comment.<blockquote>苹果、百健和加州大学洛杉矶分校的代表拒绝置评。</blockquote> Much of Apple’s past health work has focused onfeatures for its smartwatch. The mental-health and cognitive-decline research leverages more-sensitive iPhone data and shows Apple’s health unit is now looking at features for the company’s flagship product, according to people familiar with the plans.<blockquote>苹果过去的大部分健康工作都集中在其智能手表的功能上。据知情人士透露，这项心理健康和认知能力下降研究利用了更敏感的iPhone数据，并显示苹果的健康部门目前正在研究该公司旗舰产品的功能。</blockquote> The research projects are still at early stages, and may never lead to new device features, the people said. While prior academic studies have shown some evidence that people with certain mental-health conditions use their digital devices differently than others, it remains to be seen if reliable algorithms can be created to detect the conditions, according to researchers.<blockquote>知情人士说，这些研究项目仍处于早期阶段，可能永远不会带来新的设备功能。研究人员表示，虽然之前的学术研究显示了一些证据，表明患有某些心理健康疾病的人使用数字设备的方式与其他人不同，但是否可以创建可靠的算法来检测这些疾病仍有待观察。</blockquote> Proper diagnosis of mental-health conditions and brain disorders typically requires close observation by specialists, but many people have no access to such specialists. Researchers working with Apple hope their work leads to a widely available alternative.<blockquote>精神健康状况和大脑疾病的正确诊断通常需要专家的密切观察，但许多人无法接触到这些专家。与苹果合作的研究人员希望他们的工作能带来一种广泛可用的替代方案。</blockquote> Even though the effort is at an early stage, top Apple executives are excited about the possibility. Chief Operating Officer Jeff <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/WMB\">Williams</a>, who oversees Apple’s health unit, has spoken enthusiastically to employees about the company’s potential to address surging rates of depression and anxiety as well as other brain disorders, according to people who have heard him talk about the efforts.<blockquote>尽管这项努力还处于早期阶段，但苹果高层管理人员对这种可能性感到兴奋。首席运营官杰夫<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/WMB\">威廉姆斯</a>据听过苹果健康部门负责人谈论这些努力的人士透露，他热情地向员工讲述了该公司解决抑郁症、焦虑症以及其他大脑疾病发病率飙升的潜力。</blockquote> If they are successful, Apple and its partners could improve the detection of the conditions, which affect tens of millions of people world-wide. But the extent of user tracking that may be required could spark privacy concerns. To address them, Apple aims for algorithms that work on users’ devices and don’t send the data to Apple servers, the documents show.<blockquote>如果成功，苹果及其合作伙伴可以改善对影响全球数千万人的疾病的检测。但可能需要的用户跟踪程度可能会引发隐私问题。文件显示，为了解决这些问题，苹果的目标是开发在用户设备上工作且不会将数据发送到苹果服务器的算法。</blockquote> Achieving its health ambitions could depend on consumers’ trusting Apple with sensitive data, underscoring why privacy is a business imperative for the company. The new research comes as Apple faces intense scrutiny over how it planned to access user data towarn authorities of child pornography, which raised new concerns about the company’s commitment to privacy after years of battles against governments seeking to access their customers’ devices.<blockquote>实现其健康雄心可能取决于消费者对拥有敏感数据的苹果的信任，这凸显了为什么隐私对该公司来说是一项业务当务之急。这项新研究发布之际，苹果正面临着对其计划如何访问用户数据以警告当局儿童色情制品的严格审查，这引发了人们对该公司在与寻求访问客户设备的政府进行多年斗争后对隐私承诺的新担忧。</blockquote> The company has said privacy remains paramount, arguing the anti-child-pornography initiative is meant to guard against intrusion while also combating the exploitation of children. Apple has said it isslowing the effort.<blockquote>该公司表示，隐私仍然是最重要的，认为反儿童色情倡议旨在防止入侵，同时也打击对儿童的剥削。苹果表示，这正在减缓这一努力。</blockquote> Scores of companies are chasing the opportunity in the broader digital behavioral-health sector, where startups are on pace this year to nearly double the record $2.7 billion in financing raised in 2020, according to Rock Health, a venture-investment and advisory firm.<blockquote>根据风险投资和咨询公司Rock Health的数据，许多公司正在更广泛的数字行为健康领域寻求机会，该领域的初创公司今年的融资额将比2020年创纪录的27亿美元增加近一倍。</blockquote> The pandemic drove an increase in mental-health-related complaints. The percentage of adults reporting anxiety or depression-related symptoms reached 41% in January, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation, nearly quadruple the early-2019 figure. Mild cognitive impairment, which can develop into dementia, affects around 5 million Americans over 60 years old, estimates the Alzheimer’s Association.<blockquote>疫情导致心理健康相关投诉增加。根据凯撒家庭基金会的数据，1月份报告焦虑或抑郁相关症状的成年人比例达到41%，几乎是2019年初数字的四倍。据阿尔茨海默氏症协会估计，轻度认知障碍可能会发展为痴呆症，影响着大约500万60岁以上的美国人。</blockquote> Apple has a third brain-related research partnership with <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/DRE\">Duke</a> University that it hasn’t disclosed. It aims to create an algorithm to help detect childhood autism, according to the documents and people familiar with the work. The research looks at using the iPhone’s camera to observe how young children focus, how often they sway back and forth, and other measures, according to the documents.<blockquote>苹果与<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/DRE\">公爵</a>它没有透露的大学。据文件和知情人士透露，它旨在创建一种算法来帮助检测儿童自闭症。根据文件，这项研究着眼于使用iPhone的摄像头来观察幼儿如何集中注意力，他们前后摇晃的频率以及其他措施。</blockquote> Apple has developed previous health features after working with researchers. For example, work at Stanford University showed that its smartwatch could identify an irregular heart rhythm known as atrial fibrillation. Soon after Apple added a watch feature to do so.<blockquote>苹果在与研究人员合作后开发了以前的健康特征。例如，斯坦福大学的工作表明，其智能手表可以识别被称为心房颤动的不规则心律。不久之后，苹果增加了一个手表功能。</blockquote> UCLA has said its research studying signs of stress, anxiety and depression began with a pilot phase last fall tracking Apple Watch and iPhone data from 150 people and will continue with a main phase tracking similar data for 3,000 people starting this year.<blockquote>加州大学洛杉矶分校表示，其研究压力、焦虑和抑郁迹象的研究始于去年秋天的试点阶段，跟踪150人的苹果手表和iPhone数据，并将从今年开始继续进行主要阶段，跟踪3000人的类似数据。</blockquote> UCLA researchers will track data from the iPhone’s video camera, keyboard and audio sensors, and data from the watch related to movement, vital signs and sleep, according to the documents and people familiar with the study. The data that may be used includes analysis of participants’ facial expressions, how they speak, the pace and frequency of their walks, sleep patterns, and heart and respiration rates. They may also measure the speed of their typing, frequency of their typos and content of what they type, among other data points, according to the people familiar with the research and the documents.<blockquote>据文件和知情人士透露，加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员将跟踪iPhone的摄像机、键盘和音频传感器的数据，以及手表中与运动、生命体征和睡眠相关的数据。可能使用的数据包括对参与者面部表情、说话方式、行走速度和频率、睡眠模式以及心率和呼吸频率的分析。据熟悉研究和文件的人说，他们还可以测量他们打字的速度、错别字的频率和他们打字的内容，以及其他数据点。</blockquote> Each bit of data could give researchers clues about device users’ emotions, concentration, energy level, state of mind and more, according to the people and the documents.<blockquote>根据这些人和文件，每一点数据都可以为研究人员提供有关设备用户情绪、注意力、能量水平、精神状态等的线索。</blockquote> To compare this data with other measures of stress, anxiety or depression, the researchers are having participants complete questionnaires about how they feel, according to people familiar with the work and the documents. They are also looking at the amount of the stress hormone cortisol in follicles of participants’ hair, according to the documents and <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AONE.U\">one</a> of these people.<blockquote>据熟悉这项工作和文件的人士透露，为了将这些数据与压力、焦虑或抑郁的其他衡量标准进行比较，研究人员让参与者完成关于他们感受的问卷。根据这些文件，他们还在研究参与者毛囊中应激激素皮质醇的含量<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AONE.U\">一</a>这些人。</blockquote> If the research finds that any of that data correlates with relevant mental-health conditions, the hope is to turn those signals into an app or feature that could warn people they might be at risk and prompt them to seek care, according to the documents and people familiar with the work.<blockquote>文件和熟悉这项工作的人称，如果研究发现其中任何数据与相关的心理健康状况相关，希望将这些信号转化为一个应用程序或功能，提醒人们他们可能处于危险之中，并提醒他们寻求护理。</blockquote> Biogen and Apple said in January they are collaborating on a study to use the iPhone and Apple Watch to track cognitive function over time and identify mild cognitive impairment, a condition that can develop into Alzheimer’s. The two-year study aims to follow about 20,000 participants—half of them at high risk of cognitive impairment—and will use device data in a way similar to the UCLA mental-health research, according to the documents and people familiar with the matter. The work follows a 2019 feasibility study that showed that 31 adults with cognitive impairment exhibited different behavior on their Apple devices than healthy older adults.<blockquote>百健（Biogen）和苹果（AbbVie）在一月份表示，他们正在合作进行一项研究，利用iPhone和苹果手表来跟踪一段时间内的认知功能，并识别轻度认知障碍，这种情况可能会发展为阿尔茨海默氏症。据文件和知情人士透露，这项为期两年的研究旨在跟踪约20,000名参与者——其中一半有认知障碍的高风险——并将以类似于加州大学洛杉矶分校心理健康研究的方式使用设备数据。这项工作是在2019年的一项可行性研究之后进行的，该研究显示，31名患有认知障碍的成年人在苹果设备上表现出与健康老年人不同的行为。</blockquote> Biogen is collaborating on the study because it hopes it can help Apple develop an iPhone feature to detect mild cognitive impairment early and encourage relevant users to seek care earlier, according to a person familiar with the matter. The company will compare the data against standard tests of brain health including traditional cognitive assessments and scans that track plaque buildup in the brain, according to the documents and the person familiar with the work.<blockquote>据一位知情人士透露，百健（Biogen）正在合作开展这项研究，因为它希望能够帮助苹果开发一项iPhone功能，以早期发现轻度认知障碍，并鼓励相关用户更早寻求护理。据文件和知情人士透露，该公司将把这些数据与大脑健康的标准测试进行比较，包括传统的认知评估和跟踪大脑中斑块堆积的扫描。</blockquote> Biogen’s drug Aduhelm, whichcosts about $56,000 a year, was approved earlier this year by the FDA for people with early-stage Alzheimer’s.<blockquote>Biogen的药物Aduhelm每年花费约56,000美元，今年早些时候获得FDA批准用于治疗早期阿尔茨海默氏症患者。</blockquote>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Apple Is Working on iPhone Features to Help Detect Depression, Cognitive Decline<blockquote>苹果正在开发iPhone功能，以帮助检测抑郁症和认知能力下降</blockquote></title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nApple Is Working on iPhone Features to Help Detect Depression, Cognitive Decline<blockquote>苹果正在开发iPhone功能，以帮助检测抑郁症和认知能力下降</blockquote>\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\nThe Wall Street Journal2021-09-21 19:14\n\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n Company is working with UCLA, <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BIIB\">Biogen</a> to see if sensitive data like facial expressions, typing metrics could signal mental-health concerns. <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AAPL\">Apple</a> Inc. is working on technology to help diagnose depression and cognitive decline, aiming for tools that could expand the scope of its burgeoning health portfolio, according to people familiar with the matter and documents reviewed by The Wall Street Journal.<blockquote>公司正在与加州大学洛杉矶分校合作，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BIIB\">Biogen</a>为了了解面部表情等敏感数据是否可以发出心理健康问题的信号。<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AAPL\">苹果</a>据知情人士和《华尔街日报》查阅的文件透露，Inc.正在研究帮助诊断抑郁症和认知能力下降的技术，旨在开发能够扩大其蓬勃发展的健康产品组合范围的工具。</blockquote> Using an array of sensor data that includes mobility, physical activity, sleep patterns, typing behavior and more, researchers hope they can tease out digital signals associated with the target conditions so that algorithms can be created to detect them reliably, the people said. Apple hopes that would become the basis for unique features for its devices, according to the people and documents.<blockquote>知情人士说，利用一系列传感器数据，包括流动性、身体活动、睡眠模式、打字行为等，研究人员希望能够梳理出与目标条件相关的数字信号，以便创建算法来可靠地检测它们。据知情人士和文件称，苹果希望这将成为其设备独特功能的基础。</blockquote> The efforts spring from research partnerships that Apple has announced with the University of California, Los Angeles, which is studying stress, anxiety and depression, and pharmaceutical companyBiogenInc.,BIIB-0.57%which is studying mild cognitive impairment. “Seabreeze” is Apple’s code name for the UCLA project and “Pi” is the code name for the Biogen project, according to the people and documents.<blockquote>这些努力源于苹果宣布与加州大学洛杉机分校（University of California，Los Angeles）和制药公司BiogenInc.（BIIB-0.57%）的合作研究，前者研究压力、焦虑和抑郁，后者研究轻度认知障碍。根据知情人士和文件，“Seabreeze”是苹果对加州大学洛杉矶分校项目的代号，“Pi”是Biogen项目的代号。</blockquote> Biogen launched its study on Monday, but many of the details about Apple’s studies haven’t been reported. The pharmaceutical company received approval this summer from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for a new drug totreat mild cognitive impairment.<blockquote>百健(Biogen)周一启动了这项研究，但有关苹果研究的许多细节尚未报道。该制药公司今年夏天获得了美国的批准。美国食品药品监督管理局申请一种治疗轻度认知障碍的新药。</blockquote> Representatives for Apple, Biogen and UCLA declined to comment.<blockquote>苹果、百健和加州大学洛杉矶分校的代表拒绝置评。</blockquote> Much of Apple’s past health work has focused onfeatures for its smartwatch. The mental-health and cognitive-decline research leverages more-sensitive iPhone data and shows Apple’s health unit is now looking at features for the company’s flagship product, according to people familiar with the plans.<blockquote>苹果过去的大部分健康工作都集中在其智能手表的功能上。据知情人士透露，这项心理健康和认知能力下降研究利用了更敏感的iPhone数据，并显示苹果的健康部门目前正在研究该公司旗舰产品的功能。</blockquote> The research projects are still at early stages, and may never lead to new device features, the people said. While prior academic studies have shown some evidence that people with certain mental-health conditions use their digital devices differently than others, it remains to be seen if reliable algorithms can be created to detect the conditions, according to researchers.<blockquote>知情人士说，这些研究项目仍处于早期阶段，可能永远不会带来新的设备功能。研究人员表示，虽然之前的学术研究显示了一些证据，表明患有某些心理健康疾病的人使用数字设备的方式与其他人不同，但是否可以创建可靠的算法来检测这些疾病仍有待观察。</blockquote> Proper diagnosis of mental-health conditions and brain disorders typically requires close observation by specialists, but many people have no access to such specialists. Researchers working with Apple hope their work leads to a widely available alternative.<blockquote>精神健康状况和大脑疾病的正确诊断通常需要专家的密切观察，但许多人无法接触到这些专家。与苹果合作的研究人员希望他们的工作能带来一种广泛可用的替代方案。</blockquote> Even though the effort is at an early stage, top Apple executives are excited about the possibility. Chief Operating Officer Jeff <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/WMB\">Williams</a>, who oversees Apple’s health unit, has spoken enthusiastically to employees about the company’s potential to address surging rates of depression and anxiety as well as other brain disorders, according to people who have heard him talk about the efforts.<blockquote>尽管这项努力还处于早期阶段，但苹果高层管理人员对这种可能性感到兴奋。首席运营官杰夫<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/WMB\">威廉姆斯</a>据听过苹果健康部门负责人谈论这些努力的人士透露，他热情地向员工讲述了该公司解决抑郁症、焦虑症以及其他大脑疾病发病率飙升的潜力。</blockquote> If they are successful, Apple and its partners could improve the detection of the conditions, which affect tens of millions of people world-wide. But the extent of user tracking that may be required could spark privacy concerns. To address them, Apple aims for algorithms that work on users’ devices and don’t send the data to Apple servers, the documents show.<blockquote>如果成功，苹果及其合作伙伴可以改善对影响全球数千万人的疾病的检测。但可能需要的用户跟踪程度可能会引发隐私问题。文件显示，为了解决这些问题，苹果的目标是开发在用户设备上工作且不会将数据发送到苹果服务器的算法。</blockquote> Achieving its health ambitions could depend on consumers’ trusting Apple with sensitive data, underscoring why privacy is a business imperative for the company. The new research comes as Apple faces intense scrutiny over how it planned to access user data towarn authorities of child pornography, which raised new concerns about the company’s commitment to privacy after years of battles against governments seeking to access their customers’ devices.<blockquote>实现其健康雄心可能取决于消费者对拥有敏感数据的苹果的信任，这凸显了为什么隐私对该公司来说是一项业务当务之急。这项新研究发布之际，苹果正面临着对其计划如何访问用户数据以警告当局儿童色情制品的严格审查，这引发了人们对该公司在与寻求访问客户设备的政府进行多年斗争后对隐私承诺的新担忧。</blockquote> The company has said privacy remains paramount, arguing the anti-child-pornography initiative is meant to guard against intrusion while also combating the exploitation of children. Apple has said it isslowing the effort.<blockquote>该公司表示，隐私仍然是最重要的，认为反儿童色情倡议旨在防止入侵，同时也打击对儿童的剥削。苹果表示，这正在减缓这一努力。</blockquote> Scores of companies are chasing the opportunity in the broader digital behavioral-health sector, where startups are on pace this year to nearly double the record $2.7 billion in financing raised in 2020, according to Rock Health, a venture-investment and advisory firm.<blockquote>根据风险投资和咨询公司Rock Health的数据，许多公司正在更广泛的数字行为健康领域寻求机会，该领域的初创公司今年的融资额将比2020年创纪录的27亿美元增加近一倍。</blockquote> The pandemic drove an increase in mental-health-related complaints. The percentage of adults reporting anxiety or depression-related symptoms reached 41% in January, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation, nearly quadruple the early-2019 figure. Mild cognitive impairment, which can develop into dementia, affects around 5 million Americans over 60 years old, estimates the Alzheimer’s Association.<blockquote>疫情导致心理健康相关投诉增加。根据凯撒家庭基金会的数据，1月份报告焦虑或抑郁相关症状的成年人比例达到41%，几乎是2019年初数字的四倍。据阿尔茨海默氏症协会估计，轻度认知障碍可能会发展为痴呆症，影响着大约500万60岁以上的美国人。</blockquote> Apple has a third brain-related research partnership with <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/DRE\">Duke</a> University that it hasn’t disclosed. It aims to create an algorithm to help detect childhood autism, according to the documents and people familiar with the work. The research looks at using the iPhone’s camera to observe how young children focus, how often they sway back and forth, and other measures, according to the documents.<blockquote>苹果与<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/DRE\">公爵</a>它没有透露的大学。据文件和知情人士透露，它旨在创建一种算法来帮助检测儿童自闭症。根据文件，这项研究着眼于使用iPhone的摄像头来观察幼儿如何集中注意力，他们前后摇晃的频率以及其他措施。</blockquote> Apple has developed previous health features after working with researchers. For example, work at Stanford University showed that its smartwatch could identify an irregular heart rhythm known as atrial fibrillation. Soon after Apple added a watch feature to do so.<blockquote>苹果在与研究人员合作后开发了以前的健康特征。例如，斯坦福大学的工作表明，其智能手表可以识别被称为心房颤动的不规则心律。不久之后，苹果增加了一个手表功能。</blockquote> UCLA has said its research studying signs of stress, anxiety and depression began with a pilot phase last fall tracking Apple Watch and iPhone data from 150 people and will continue with a main phase tracking similar data for 3,000 people starting this year.<blockquote>加州大学洛杉矶分校表示，其研究压力、焦虑和抑郁迹象的研究始于去年秋天的试点阶段，跟踪150人的苹果手表和iPhone数据，并将从今年开始继续进行主要阶段，跟踪3000人的类似数据。</blockquote> UCLA researchers will track data from the iPhone’s video camera, keyboard and audio sensors, and data from the watch related to movement, vital signs and sleep, according to the documents and people familiar with the study. The data that may be used includes analysis of participants’ facial expressions, how they speak, the pace and frequency of their walks, sleep patterns, and heart and respiration rates. They may also measure the speed of their typing, frequency of their typos and content of what they type, among other data points, according to the people familiar with the research and the documents.<blockquote>据文件和知情人士透露，加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员将跟踪iPhone的摄像机、键盘和音频传感器的数据，以及手表中与运动、生命体征和睡眠相关的数据。可能使用的数据包括对参与者面部表情、说话方式、行走速度和频率、睡眠模式以及心率和呼吸频率的分析。据熟悉研究和文件的人说，他们还可以测量他们打字的速度、错别字的频率和他们打字的内容，以及其他数据点。</blockquote> Each bit of data could give researchers clues about device users’ emotions, concentration, energy level, state of mind and more, according to the people and the documents.<blockquote>根据这些人和文件，每一点数据都可以为研究人员提供有关设备用户情绪、注意力、能量水平、精神状态等的线索。</blockquote> To compare this data with other measures of stress, anxiety or depression, the researchers are having participants complete questionnaires about how they feel, according to people familiar with the work and the documents. They are also looking at the amount of the stress hormone cortisol in follicles of participants’ hair, according to the documents and <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AONE.U\">one</a> of these people.<blockquote>据熟悉这项工作和文件的人士透露，为了将这些数据与压力、焦虑或抑郁的其他衡量标准进行比较，研究人员让参与者完成关于他们感受的问卷。根据这些文件，他们还在研究参与者毛囊中应激激素皮质醇的含量<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AONE.U\">一</a>这些人。</blockquote> If the research finds that any of that data correlates with relevant mental-health conditions, the hope is to turn those signals into an app or feature that could warn people they might be at risk and prompt them to seek care, according to the documents and people familiar with the work.<blockquote>文件和熟悉这项工作的人称，如果研究发现其中任何数据与相关的心理健康状况相关，希望将这些信号转化为一个应用程序或功能，提醒人们他们可能处于危险之中，并提醒他们寻求护理。</blockquote> Biogen and Apple said in January they are collaborating on a study to use the iPhone and Apple Watch to track cognitive function over time and identify mild cognitive impairment, a condition that can develop into Alzheimer’s. The two-year study aims to follow about 20,000 participants—half of them at high risk of cognitive impairment—and will use device data in a way similar to the UCLA mental-health research, according to the documents and people familiar with the matter. The work follows a 2019 feasibility study that showed that 31 adults with cognitive impairment exhibited different behavior on their Apple devices than healthy older adults.<blockquote>百健（Biogen）和苹果（AbbVie）在一月份表示，他们正在合作进行一项研究，利用iPhone和苹果手表来跟踪一段时间内的认知功能，并识别轻度认知障碍，这种情况可能会发展为阿尔茨海默氏症。据文件和知情人士透露，这项为期两年的研究旨在跟踪约20,000名参与者——其中一半有认知障碍的高风险——并将以类似于加州大学洛杉矶分校心理健康研究的方式使用设备数据。这项工作是在2019年的一项可行性研究之后进行的，该研究显示，31名患有认知障碍的成年人在苹果设备上表现出与健康老年人不同的行为。</blockquote> Biogen is collaborating on the study because it hopes it can help Apple develop an iPhone feature to detect mild cognitive impairment early and encourage relevant users to seek care earlier, according to a person familiar with the matter. The company will compare the data against standard tests of brain health including traditional cognitive assessments and scans that track plaque buildup in the brain, according to the documents and the person familiar with the work.<blockquote>据一位知情人士透露，百健（Biogen）正在合作开展这项研究，因为它希望能够帮助苹果开发一项iPhone功能，以早期发现轻度认知障碍，并鼓励相关用户更早寻求护理。据文件和知情人士透露，该公司将把这些数据与大脑健康的标准测试进行比较，包括传统的认知评估和跟踪大脑中斑块堆积的扫描。</blockquote> Biogen’s drug Aduhelm, whichcosts about $56,000 a year, was approved earlier this year by the FDA for people with early-stage Alzheimer’s.<blockquote>Biogen的药物Aduhelm每年花费约56,000美元，今年早些时候获得FDA批准用于治疗早期阿尔茨海默氏症患者。</blockquote>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n 来源：<a href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/apple-wants-iphones-to-help-detect-depression-cognitive-decline-sources-say-11632216601?mod=hp_lead_pos7\">The Wall Street Journal</a>\n为提升您的阅读体验，我们对本页面进行了排版优化\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"AAPL":"苹果"},"source_url":"https://www.wsj.com/articles/apple-wants-iphones-to-help-detect-depression-cognitive-decline-sources-say-11632216601?mod=hp_lead_pos7","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1128468134","content_text":"Company is working with UCLA, Biogen to see if sensitive data like facial expressions, typing metrics could signal mental-health concerns.\n\nApple Inc. is working on technology to help diagnose depression and cognitive decline, aiming for tools that could expand the scope of its burgeoning health portfolio, according to people familiar with the matter and documents reviewed by The Wall Street Journal.\nUsing an array of sensor data that includes mobility, physical activity, sleep patterns, typing behavior and more, researchers hope they can tease out digital signals associated with the target conditions so that algorithms can be created to detect them reliably, the people said. Apple hopes that would become the basis for unique features for its devices, according to the people and documents.\nThe efforts spring from research partnerships that Apple has announced with the University of California, Los Angeles, which is studying stress, anxiety and depression, and pharmaceutical companyBiogenInc.,BIIB-0.57%which is studying mild cognitive impairment. “Seabreeze” is Apple’s code name for the UCLA project and “Pi” is the code name for the Biogen project, according to the people and documents.\nBiogen launched its study on Monday, but many of the details about Apple’s studies haven’t been reported. The pharmaceutical company received approval this summer from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for a new drug totreat mild cognitive impairment.\nRepresentatives for Apple, Biogen and UCLA declined to comment.\nMuch of Apple’s past health work has focused onfeatures for its smartwatch. The mental-health and cognitive-decline research leverages more-sensitive iPhone data and shows Apple’s health unit is now looking at features for the company’s flagship product, according to people familiar with the plans.\nThe research projects are still at early stages, and may never lead to new device features, the people said. While prior academic studies have shown some evidence that people with certain mental-health conditions use their digital devices differently than others, it remains to be seen if reliable algorithms can be created to detect the conditions, according to researchers.\nProper diagnosis of mental-health conditions and brain disorders typically requires close observation by specialists, but many people have no access to such specialists. Researchers working with Apple hope their work leads to a widely available alternative.\nEven though the effort is at an early stage, top Apple executives are excited about the possibility. Chief Operating Officer Jeff Williams, who oversees Apple’s health unit, has spoken enthusiastically to employees about the company’s potential to address surging rates of depression and anxiety as well as other brain disorders, according to people who have heard him talk about the efforts.\nIf they are successful, Apple and its partners could improve the detection of the conditions, which affect tens of millions of people world-wide. But the extent of user tracking that may be required could spark privacy concerns. To address them, Apple aims for algorithms that work on users’ devices and don’t send the data to Apple servers, the documents show.\nAchieving its health ambitions could depend on consumers’ trusting Apple with sensitive data, underscoring why privacy is a business imperative for the company. The new research comes as Apple faces intense scrutiny over how it planned to access user data towarn authorities of child pornography, which raised new concerns about the company’s commitment to privacy after years of battles against governments seeking to access their customers’ devices.\nThe company has said privacy remains paramount, arguing the anti-child-pornography initiative is meant to guard against intrusion while also combating the exploitation of children. Apple has said it isslowing the effort.\nScores of companies are chasing the opportunity in the broader digital behavioral-health sector, where startups are on pace this year to nearly double the record $2.7 billion in financing raised in 2020, according to Rock Health, a venture-investment and advisory firm.\nThe pandemic drove an increase in mental-health-related complaints. The percentage of adults reporting anxiety or depression-related symptoms reached 41% in January, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation, nearly quadruple the early-2019 figure. Mild cognitive impairment, which can develop into dementia, affects around 5 million Americans over 60 years old, estimates the Alzheimer’s Association.\nApple has a third brain-related research partnership with Duke University that it hasn’t disclosed. It aims to create an algorithm to help detect childhood autism, according to the documents and people familiar with the work. The research looks at using the iPhone’s camera to observe how young children focus, how often they sway back and forth, and other measures, according to the documents.\nApple has developed previous health features after working with researchers. For example, work at Stanford University showed that its smartwatch could identify an irregular heart rhythm known as atrial fibrillation. Soon after Apple added a watch feature to do so.\nUCLA has said its research studying signs of stress, anxiety and depression began with a pilot phase last fall tracking Apple Watch and iPhone data from 150 people and will continue with a main phase tracking similar data for 3,000 people starting this year.\nUCLA researchers will track data from the iPhone’s video camera, keyboard and audio sensors, and data from the watch related to movement, vital signs and sleep, according to the documents and people familiar with the study. The data that may be used includes analysis of participants’ facial expressions, how they speak, the pace and frequency of their walks, sleep patterns, and heart and respiration rates. They may also measure the speed of their typing, frequency of their typos and content of what they type, among other data points, according to the people familiar with the research and the documents.\nEach bit of data could give researchers clues about device users’ emotions, concentration, energy level, state of mind and more, according to the people and the documents.\nTo compare this data with other measures of stress, anxiety or depression, the researchers are having participants complete questionnaires about how they feel, according to people familiar with the work and the documents. They are also looking at the amount of the stress hormone cortisol in follicles of participants’ hair, according to the documents and one of these people.\nIf the research finds that any of that data correlates with relevant mental-health conditions, the hope is to turn those signals into an app or feature that could warn people they might be at risk and prompt them to seek care, according to the documents and people familiar with the work.\nBiogen and Apple said in January they are collaborating on a study to use the iPhone and Apple Watch to track cognitive function over time and identify mild cognitive impairment, a condition that can develop into Alzheimer’s. The two-year study aims to follow about 20,000 participants—half of them at high risk of cognitive impairment—and will use device data in a way similar to the UCLA mental-health research, according to the documents and people familiar with the matter. The work follows a 2019 feasibility study that showed that 31 adults with cognitive impairment exhibited different behavior on their Apple devices than healthy older adults.\nBiogen is collaborating on the study because it hopes it can help Apple develop an iPhone feature to detect mild cognitive impairment early and encourage relevant users to seek care earlier, according to a person familiar with the matter. The company will compare the data against standard tests of brain health including traditional cognitive assessments and scans that track plaque buildup in the brain, according to the documents and the person familiar with the work.\nBiogen’s drug Aduhelm, whichcosts about $56,000 a year, was approved earlier this year by the FDA for people with early-stage Alzheimer’s.","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"AAPL":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1979,"commentLimit":10,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"symbols":[],"verified":2,"subType":0,"readableState":1,"langContent":"CN","currentLanguage":"CN","warmUpFlag":false,"orderFlag":false,"shareable":true,"causeOfNotShareable":"","featuresForAnalytics":[],"commentAndTweetFlag":false,"andRepostAutoSelectedFlag":false,"upFlag":false,"length":6,"xxTargetLangEnum":"ZH_CN"},"commentList":[],"hasMoreComment":false,"orderType":2}

Apple Is Working on iPhone Features to Help Detect Depression, Cognitive Decline<blockquote>苹果正在开发iPhone功能，以帮助检测抑郁症和认知能力下降</blockquote>

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