Weeweess的个人主页 - 老虎社区

Weeweess

Weeweess

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2021-11-02

$STI ETF(ES3.SI)$Omg up pls

2021-10-12

$STI ETF(ES3.SI)$是时候了吗？

2021-10-03

$Star Bulk Carriers Corp(SBLKZ)$No bad no bad

2021-10-02

$Star Bulk Carriers Corp(SBLKZ)$Felling so good 😀

2021-10-01

Up up up please

2021-09-29

Gambateh

2021-09-26

应该是时候了吧……

2021-09-25

可以入手了吗？

2021-09-17

Nice to try

2021-09-17

$美国银行(BAC)$Sudahlah 我卖了吧

2021-09-15

有何看法？请教导一下

2021-09-15

$美国银行(BAC)$做么好像跌了的

2021-09-14

免费真好，谢谢老虎🐯

2021-09-13

好不好买呢？给点意见？

2021-09-10

上上上，不要停下来

2021-09-08

$STI ETF(ES3.SI)$Sad sad

2021-09-07

$STI ETF(ES3.SI)$点点滴滴

2021-09-07

亏损了一点点

2021-08-06

是的

抱歉，原内容已删除

2021-08-06

Yes

抱歉，原内容已删除

去老虎APP查看更多动态

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course","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":1,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/890964831","repostId":"2156177695","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"2156177695","kind":"highlight","pubTimestamp":1628074403,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/2156177695?lang=zh_CN&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-08-04 18:53","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"缺货成常态，芯片迎来涨价潮","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2156177695","media":"半导体行业观察","summary":"芯片缺货从最开始的汽车芯片打响，代表为MCU（微控制芯片），到半导体设备乃至二手设备，再到上游的基板材料短缺，最后到如今晶圆代工厂开始公开调价。全产业链缺货涨价潮“一环接一环”。“供应极其紧张、缺货成","content":"<p>芯片缺货从最开始的汽车芯片打响，代表为MCU（微控制芯片），到半导体设备乃至二手设备，再到上游的基板材料短缺，最后到如今晶圆代工厂开始公开调价。全产业链缺货涨价潮“一环接一环”。“供应极其紧张、缺货成为新常态、常听到设备交货延期的消息”，“以月为单位报价、20款MCU中位价涨幅12%、面板涨幅100%”，这些都是出自各半导体厂商CEO以及行业专业分析师之口。</p>\n<p>一、缺货：到什么程度？</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TSM\">台积电</a>董事长刘德音此前总结全球缺芯片的三个原因：一是疫情造成的产业链衔接不顺利；二是中美贸易争端造成的市场占有率变化和政策不确定性；三是疫情加速了数字转型。那么缺芯已经到了什么程度呢？让我们看看各大半导体厂商的说法。</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/0KED.UK\">英飞凌</a>首席执行官 Reinhard Ploss 在本周二说“由于最新一波的疫情影响打乱了亚洲的生产，<b>库存创下历史新低</b>，目前市场面临着极其紧张的供应形势，我们的芯片正从我们的晶圆厂直接运往终端应用<b>。</b>”前段时间<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/0KED.UK\">英飞凌</a>马来西亚工厂受疫情影响，除此之外，英飞凌还在应对冬季风暴的影响，此前该风暴导致其位于德克萨斯州奥斯汀的芯片制造厂瘫痪。虽然其位于奥地利菲拉赫的电源管理芯片的新工厂即将投产，但也依赖于亚洲的代工厂，而这些代工厂的产能正在耗尽。</p>\n<p>Ifo经济研究小组周二证实了严峻的形势，德国汽车行业及其供应商面临着30年来最严重的芯片供应短缺。一项民意调查显示，83%的公司受到影响，高于4月份的65%。</p>\n<p>$AMD(<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AMD\">AMD</a>)$首席执行官Lisa Su表示，她预计AMD的芯片供应将<b>在今年剩余时间内“吃紧”，但预计在 2022 年会有所缓解</b>。她评论了可能出现的问题，如零件短缺，但是没有指明是AMD的零件短缺还是其他一些会限制PC供应的部件。“我们仍有望在2022年推出下一代产品，包括采用业界领先的5nm制程技术制造的Zen 4处理器和RDNA 3 GPU，”苏补充道。</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/STM\">意法半导体</a>首席执行官Chery上周四表示，全球芯片短缺将持续到 2023 年上半年。<b>ST今年将只能满足总客户需求的 70%</b>。他补充说，随着公司对产能的投资，明年将上升到85%-90%。</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AAPL\">苹果</a>首席执行官库克 （Tim Cook）发出警告称，芯片供应限制可能会在下一季度影响iPhone生产。小米中国区总裁卢伟冰在个人<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/WB\">微博</a>感慨，“今年芯片缺货，不是缺，而是极缺”。</p>\n<p>Gartner 分析师 Samuel Wang 表示：“总体而言，我们认为芯片短缺至少会持续到明年年中。”</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/UMC\">联电</a>销售副代表Walter Ng说：“我们看到许多应用程序和所有节点的需求空前，随着这个周期的持续时间更长，我们相信<b>这可能会成为新的常态。</b>”</p>\n<p>东京电子总裁兼首席执行官Toshiki Kawai表示：“在5G移动和数据中心投资的推动下，对逻辑和代工的投资强劲，也在加速对内存的投资。”</p>\n<p>Bruker半导体X射线事业部的副总裁兼总经理Paul Ryan表示:“在成熟工艺制程技术芯片也在蓬勃发展，我们在射频领域看到了机会，这些领域的代工厂大都采用40nm及以上，尤其是5G的推出，仅仅是为了满足标准组件的需求，就有很大的数量需求。”</p>\n<p><b>不止是芯片，半导体设备的缺货在今年也是从未停歇，交货延期已成为常态。</b>据日刊工业新闻7月30日报导，某家大型芯片厂高管表示，<b>“这1~2个月来常听到有关设备交货时间延迟的消息”</b>，虽然无法确定到底是哪种零件短缺，不过交期从原先的1年延长了半年时间至1年半，该位高管指出：“今后必须评估交期延长因素、来制定工厂增产计划。据报导，Advantest的半导体测试设备也已经延期，该测试设备交期通常要3-4个月，但现在已延长至约6个月时间。</p>\n<p>KLA副总裁兼总经理 Wilbert Odisho 表示，“我们看到成熟节点的300mm设备利用率已达到历史最高水平。中国、北美、欧洲和日本的设备制造商在增加产能方面尤其积极。“200 毫米设备的利用率非常高。设备制造商正在建造新的 200 毫米晶圆厂并扩大现有晶圆厂的产能。”</p>\n<p><b>材料的短缺也不可忽视。</b><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/INTC\">英特尔</a>首席执行官 Pat Gelsinger在财报电话会议上指出，整个行业的短缺可能会持续到 2023 年，并预计“该行业还需要一到两年的时间才能完全满足需求。”&nbsp;该公司还称“基板短缺导致全行业持续存在”，这意味着<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/INTC\">英特尔</a>预计无法获得足够的制造芯片所需的原材料。尽管对其处理器的需求很高。这可能会导致英特尔消费芯片在即将到来的第三季度出现“特别严重”的短缺。</p>\n<p>爱德万半导体测试设备公司的社长田芳明表示，<b>现在出现了过去从未曾见过的材料短缺问题</b>。举例来说，听闻（使用于半导体生产的）基板短缺情况在2-3年内无法解除。另根据日经报道，日本金属加工中介商Caddi以32家参与Caddi研讨会的芯片制造设备商为对象进行问券调查得知，约6成在最近1年间面临过零件供应不足问题。</p>\n<p>瑞萨首席执行官Hidetoshi Shibata 预计，汽车制造商今年将减少产量，并试图在明年弥补，从而导致对芯片的需求持续到明年，供需状况可能需要到明年年中才能开始缓解。今年3月19日，瑞萨在东京北部茨城县 Naka 的旗舰工厂发生火灾，于4月17日恢复生产。瑞萨参与芯片生产的前端和后端。Shibata表示，前端的生产现在“是火灾前水平的 1.7 倍”。但后端工艺的材料面临短缺，例如<b>树脂和基板</b>，所以对生产的担忧也主要集中在后端上。</p>\n<p>二、涨价：涨了多少？</p>\n<p>在芯片的涨价潮中，尤以MCU涨势最为凶猛。据追踪分销商价格的公司 Supplyframe Inc. 表示，自去年年中以来，<b>最畅销的20款微控制器的中位价上涨了12%以上。</b></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/STM\">意法半导体</a>首席执行官Chery表示，<b>意法半导体2021年芯片的平均价格比一年前上涨了 5%，</b>并补充说，该集团预计 2021 年下半年和 2022 年价格将进一步上涨。</p>\n<p>Semico的Feldhan说：“MCU的短缺仍在继续，从2020年下半年开始就对MCU的需求开始增加，从那时起，MCU的平均销售价格每个季度都在上涨。甚至需要更旧的4 bit MCU，尽管4 bit MCU仅占总销量的不到1%，但是在2021年前的5个月，<b>4 bit MCU的销量与2020年相比增长了400%以上。</b>”</p>\n<p>MCU厂商凌通总经理贾懿行表示，目前状况已经严重到产品单价出现过去没发生过的<b>“以月为单位的报价模式”。</b>即使在晶圆代工、封测产能吃紧的情况下，下半年订单动能将保持订单/出货比大于一的情况，且可能会呈现到明年，凌通表示，会与母公司凌阳集团共同去争取最大产能。</p>\n<p>不过IDC 负责个人电脑的分析师 Linn Huang 说：“短缺的第一大元件并不是MCU，而是是进入面板的元件，即驱动器 IC。”任何带有 LCD 面板的设备，包括电视、手机或平板电脑，但主要是笔记本电脑，都需要一个带有 LCD 驱动器的芯片，告诉面板哪个像素点亮或不亮。惠普公司CEO &nbsp;Enrique Lores 也证实LCD驱动器IC是制约该公司最大的部件。<b>“以电视面板为例，价格上涨了100%，过去12个月价格翻了一番，疫情严重扭曲了整个需求图景，但无论价格如何，人们还是会购买。”</b>DSCC （Display Supply Chain Consultants）联合创始人兼首席财务官Bob O 'Brien表示。</p>\n<p>除了芯片，现在<b>晶圆代工厂也迎来了涨价潮</b>。<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SMSN.UK\">三星</a>是第一个表示要涨价的晶圆代工厂，他们的涨价主要是用以资助其在韩国平泽附近的 S5晶圆厂的扩张。<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SMSN.UK\">三星</a>代工厂的S5 Line 是该公司最先进的生产设施，主要生产5nm、4nm和更薄的生产技术处理晶圆，由于该晶圆厂使用EUV光刻技术，所以扩建成本非常高，三星此次调价也是希望客户能够为其分担一部分支出。不过，晶圆代工价格上涨可能会影响三星代工厂生产的 GPU、SoC和控制器的成本。</p>\n<p>据美国调查显示，现在随着制程越来越先进，半导体设备也越来越贵，投资一个5纳米制程具有5万片产能的晶圆厂要花120亿美元，3纳米要200亿美元，支出增加66%，预估2020～2030年之间半导体资本支出将是过去10年（2010～2020年）的3倍以上，2030年到2040年的资本支出又将是2020～2030年的4～5倍以上。在这样的情况下，晶圆厂涨价也无可厚非。</p>\n<p>如果三星是为其先进工艺工厂扩建而准备，那么还有因为成熟制程产能不够，而涨价的晶圆代工厂。<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/UMC\">联电</a>就是其中一员。IC设计业者透露，联电在近日的法说会上二度上调今年全年平均单价（ASP）增幅预估，凸显成熟制程代工报价涨势比预期还凶猛，联电同时释出明年接单无虞的讯息，均透露当下成熟制程代工产能供不应求盛况，为因应代工厂涨价趋势，使用成熟制程生产的芯片也会跟涨，造就此波产业链报价涨不停的现象。</p>\n<p>其实自2021年以来，晶圆代工、封测产能的报价就开始出现上涨趋势，而且在封装材料供给方面也同步紧张，所以就有了前段时间大家所知晓的，产能以价格竞标的方式，这是晶圆代工厂和封测厂为了给部分急单客户每月所释放的少许产能。这也是为何现在每个客户的代工报价会不尽相同的原因。</p>\n<p>三、写在最后</p>\n<p>在本轮缺货涨价潮中，一些厂商利用这个“空子”，恶意哄抬炒作芯片价格。8月3日，国家市场监管总局发文《一查到底！市场监管总局对涉嫌哄抬价格的汽车芯片经销企业进行立案调查》，针对汽车芯片市场哄抬炒作、价格高企等突出问题，近日，市场监管总局根据价格监测和举报线索，对涉嫌哄抬价格的汽车芯片经销企业立案调查。下一步，市场监管总局将持续关注芯片等重要商品市场价格秩序，进一步加大监管执法力度，严厉查处囤积居奇、哄抬价格、串通涨价等违法行为。</p>\n<p>此前据华尔街日报的报道，ADI的首席执行官文森特罗奇说：“除了我们为必须加入的额外供应支付更多费用之外，我们没有利用这个周期对定价做任何事情。我们正在传递这一点。”<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BRCM\">博通</a>公司首席执行官Hock Tan说：“我们看到基板等原材料成本上涨，所以做了调价，客户表示了解这种情况并愿意承受更高的价格。”</p>\n<p>健康的涨价是情势所迫，但恶意哄抬价格，不可取。</p>","source":"bdthygc","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>缺货成常态，芯片迎来涨价潮</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n缺货成常态，芯片迎来涨价潮\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-08-04 18:53 北京时间&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.huxiu.com/article/445907.html><strong>半导体行业观察</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>芯片缺货从最开始的汽车芯片打响，代表为MCU（微控制芯片），到半导体设备乃至二手设备，再到上游的基板材料短缺，最后到如今晶圆代工厂开始公开调价。全产业链缺货涨价潮“一环接一环”。“供应极其紧张、缺货成为新常态、常听到设备交货延期的消息”，“以月为单位报价、20款MCU中位价涨幅12%、面板涨幅100%”，这些都是出自各半导体厂商CEO以及行业专业分析师之口。\n一、缺货：到什么程度？\n台积电董事长...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.huxiu.com/article/445907.html\">网页链接</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ad5509bb3bfa924f57cb1ea17b5cfc75","relate_stocks":{"AMD":"美国超微公司"},"source_url":"https://www.huxiu.com/article/445907.html","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"2156177695","content_text":"芯片缺货从最开始的汽车芯片打响，代表为MCU（微控制芯片），到半导体设备乃至二手设备，再到上游的基板材料短缺，最后到如今晶圆代工厂开始公开调价。全产业链缺货涨价潮“一环接一环”。“供应极其紧张、缺货成为新常态、常听到设备交货延期的消息”，“以月为单位报价、20款MCU中位价涨幅12%、面板涨幅100%”，这些都是出自各半导体厂商CEO以及行业专业分析师之口。\n一、缺货：到什么程度？\n台积电董事长刘德音此前总结全球缺芯片的三个原因：一是疫情造成的产业链衔接不顺利；二是中美贸易争端造成的市场占有率变化和政策不确定性；三是疫情加速了数字转型。那么缺芯已经到了什么程度呢？让我们看看各大半导体厂商的说法。\n英飞凌首席执行官 Reinhard Ploss 在本周二说“由于最新一波的疫情影响打乱了亚洲的生产，库存创下历史新低，目前市场面临着极其紧张的供应形势，我们的芯片正从我们的晶圆厂直接运往终端应用。”前段时间英飞凌马来西亚工厂受疫情影响，除此之外，英飞凌还在应对冬季风暴的影响，此前该风暴导致其位于德克萨斯州奥斯汀的芯片制造厂瘫痪。虽然其位于奥地利菲拉赫的电源管理芯片的新工厂即将投产，但也依赖于亚洲的代工厂，而这些代工厂的产能正在耗尽。\nIfo经济研究小组周二证实了严峻的形势，德国汽车行业及其供应商面临着30年来最严重的芯片供应短缺。一项民意调查显示，83%的公司受到影响，高于4月份的65%。\n$AMD(AMD)$首席执行官Lisa Su表示，她预计AMD的芯片供应将在今年剩余时间内“吃紧”，但预计在 2022 年会有所缓解。她评论了可能出现的问题，如零件短缺，但是没有指明是AMD的零件短缺还是其他一些会限制PC供应的部件。“我们仍有望在2022年推出下一代产品，包括采用业界领先的5nm制程技术制造的Zen 4处理器和RDNA 3 GPU，”苏补充道。\n意法半导体首席执行官Chery上周四表示，全球芯片短缺将持续到 2023 年上半年。ST今年将只能满足总客户需求的 70%。他补充说，随着公司对产能的投资，明年将上升到85%-90%。\n苹果首席执行官库克 （Tim Cook）发出警告称，芯片供应限制可能会在下一季度影响iPhone生产。小米中国区总裁卢伟冰在个人微博感慨，“今年芯片缺货，不是缺，而是极缺”。\nGartner 分析师 Samuel Wang 表示：“总体而言，我们认为芯片短缺至少会持续到明年年中。”\n联电销售副代表Walter Ng说：“我们看到许多应用程序和所有节点的需求空前，随着这个周期的持续时间更长，我们相信这可能会成为新的常态。”\n东京电子总裁兼首席执行官Toshiki Kawai表示：“在5G移动和数据中心投资的推动下，对逻辑和代工的投资强劲，也在加速对内存的投资。”\nBruker半导体X射线事业部的副总裁兼总经理Paul Ryan表示:“在成熟工艺制程技术芯片也在蓬勃发展，我们在射频领域看到了机会，这些领域的代工厂大都采用40nm及以上，尤其是5G的推出，仅仅是为了满足标准组件的需求，就有很大的数量需求。”\n不止是芯片，半导体设备的缺货在今年也是从未停歇，交货延期已成为常态。据日刊工业新闻7月30日报导，某家大型芯片厂高管表示，“这1~2个月来常听到有关设备交货时间延迟的消息”，虽然无法确定到底是哪种零件短缺，不过交期从原先的1年延长了半年时间至1年半，该位高管指出：“今后必须评估交期延长因素、来制定工厂增产计划。据报导，Advantest的半导体测试设备也已经延期，该测试设备交期通常要3-4个月，但现在已延长至约6个月时间。\nKLA副总裁兼总经理 Wilbert Odisho 表示，“我们看到成熟节点的300mm设备利用率已达到历史最高水平。中国、北美、欧洲和日本的设备制造商在增加产能方面尤其积极。“200 毫米设备的利用率非常高。设备制造商正在建造新的 200 毫米晶圆厂并扩大现有晶圆厂的产能。”\n材料的短缺也不可忽视。英特尔首席执行官 Pat Gelsinger在财报电话会议上指出，整个行业的短缺可能会持续到 2023 年，并预计“该行业还需要一到两年的时间才能完全满足需求。” 该公司还称“基板短缺导致全行业持续存在”，这意味着英特尔预计无法获得足够的制造芯片所需的原材料。尽管对其处理器的需求很高。这可能会导致英特尔消费芯片在即将到来的第三季度出现“特别严重”的短缺。\n爱德万半导体测试设备公司的社长田芳明表示，现在出现了过去从未曾见过的材料短缺问题。举例来说，听闻（使用于半导体生产的）基板短缺情况在2-3年内无法解除。另根据日经报道，日本金属加工中介商Caddi以32家参与Caddi研讨会的芯片制造设备商为对象进行问券调查得知，约6成在最近1年间面临过零件供应不足问题。\n瑞萨首席执行官Hidetoshi Shibata 预计，汽车制造商今年将减少产量，并试图在明年弥补，从而导致对芯片的需求持续到明年，供需状况可能需要到明年年中才能开始缓解。今年3月19日，瑞萨在东京北部茨城县 Naka 的旗舰工厂发生火灾，于4月17日恢复生产。瑞萨参与芯片生产的前端和后端。Shibata表示，前端的生产现在“是火灾前水平的 1.7 倍”。但后端工艺的材料面临短缺，例如树脂和基板，所以对生产的担忧也主要集中在后端上。\n二、涨价：涨了多少？\n在芯片的涨价潮中，尤以MCU涨势最为凶猛。据追踪分销商价格的公司 Supplyframe Inc. 表示，自去年年中以来，最畅销的20款微控制器的中位价上涨了12%以上。\n意法半导体首席执行官Chery表示，意法半导体2021年芯片的平均价格比一年前上涨了 5%，并补充说，该集团预计 2021 年下半年和 2022 年价格将进一步上涨。\nSemico的Feldhan说：“MCU的短缺仍在继续，从2020年下半年开始就对MCU的需求开始增加，从那时起，MCU的平均销售价格每个季度都在上涨。甚至需要更旧的4 bit MCU，尽管4 bit MCU仅占总销量的不到1%，但是在2021年前的5个月，4 bit MCU的销量与2020年相比增长了400%以上。”\nMCU厂商凌通总经理贾懿行表示，目前状况已经严重到产品单价出现过去没发生过的“以月为单位的报价模式”。即使在晶圆代工、封测产能吃紧的情况下，下半年订单动能将保持订单/出货比大于一的情况，且可能会呈现到明年，凌通表示，会与母公司凌阳集团共同去争取最大产能。\n不过IDC 负责个人电脑的分析师 Linn Huang 说：“短缺的第一大元件并不是MCU，而是是进入面板的元件，即驱动器 IC。”任何带有 LCD 面板的设备，包括电视、手机或平板电脑，但主要是笔记本电脑，都需要一个带有 LCD 驱动器的芯片，告诉面板哪个像素点亮或不亮。惠普公司CEO  Enrique Lores 也证实LCD驱动器IC是制约该公司最大的部件。“以电视面板为例，价格上涨了100%，过去12个月价格翻了一番，疫情严重扭曲了整个需求图景，但无论价格如何，人们还是会购买。”DSCC （Display Supply Chain Consultants）联合创始人兼首席财务官Bob O 'Brien表示。\n除了芯片，现在晶圆代工厂也迎来了涨价潮。三星是第一个表示要涨价的晶圆代工厂，他们的涨价主要是用以资助其在韩国平泽附近的 S5晶圆厂的扩张。三星代工厂的S5 Line 是该公司最先进的生产设施，主要生产5nm、4nm和更薄的生产技术处理晶圆，由于该晶圆厂使用EUV光刻技术，所以扩建成本非常高，三星此次调价也是希望客户能够为其分担一部分支出。不过，晶圆代工价格上涨可能会影响三星代工厂生产的 GPU、SoC和控制器的成本。\n据美国调查显示，现在随着制程越来越先进，半导体设备也越来越贵，投资一个5纳米制程具有5万片产能的晶圆厂要花120亿美元，3纳米要200亿美元，支出增加66%，预估2020～2030年之间半导体资本支出将是过去10年（2010～2020年）的3倍以上，2030年到2040年的资本支出又将是2020～2030年的4～5倍以上。在这样的情况下，晶圆厂涨价也无可厚非。\n如果三星是为其先进工艺工厂扩建而准备，那么还有因为成熟制程产能不够，而涨价的晶圆代工厂。联电就是其中一员。IC设计业者透露，联电在近日的法说会上二度上调今年全年平均单价（ASP）增幅预估，凸显成熟制程代工报价涨势比预期还凶猛，联电同时释出明年接单无虞的讯息，均透露当下成熟制程代工产能供不应求盛况，为因应代工厂涨价趋势，使用成熟制程生产的芯片也会跟涨，造就此波产业链报价涨不停的现象。\n其实自2021年以来，晶圆代工、封测产能的报价就开始出现上涨趋势，而且在封装材料供给方面也同步紧张，所以就有了前段时间大家所知晓的，产能以价格竞标的方式，这是晶圆代工厂和封测厂为了给部分急单客户每月所释放的少许产能。这也是为何现在每个客户的代工报价会不尽相同的原因。\n三、写在最后\n在本轮缺货涨价潮中，一些厂商利用这个“空子”，恶意哄抬炒作芯片价格。8月3日，国家市场监管总局发文《一查到底！市场监管总局对涉嫌哄抬价格的汽车芯片经销企业进行立案调查》，针对汽车芯片市场哄抬炒作、价格高企等突出问题，近日，市场监管总局根据价格监测和举报线索，对涉嫌哄抬价格的汽车芯片经销企业立案调查。下一步，市场监管总局将持续关注芯片等重要商品市场价格秩序，进一步加大监管执法力度，严厉查处囤积居奇、哄抬价格、串通涨价等违法行为。\n此前据华尔街日报的报道，ADI的首席执行官文森特罗奇说：“除了我们为必须加入的额外供应支付更多费用之外，我们没有利用这个周期对定价做任何事情。我们正在传递这一点。”博通公司首席执行官Hock Tan说：“我们看到基板等原材料成本上涨，所以做了调价，客户表示了解这种情况并愿意承受更高的价格。”\n健康的涨价是情势所迫，但恶意哄抬价格，不可取。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"AMD":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":367,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":806740774,"gmtCreate":1627696304398,"gmtModify":1633757054183,"author":{"id":"3583541700741630","authorId":"3583541700741630","name":"Weeweess","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/242477c20840a38ec5dad0ad105d50be","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3583541700741630","idStr":"3583541700741630"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"Yes&nbsp;","listText":"Yes&nbsp;","text":"Yes","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":3,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/806740774","repostId":"1120441766","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":629,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":817488026,"gmtCreate":1630980480465,"gmtModify":1632904803201,"author":{"id":"3583541700741630","authorId":"3583541700741630","name":"Weeweess","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/242477c20840a38ec5dad0ad105d50be","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3583541700741630","idStr":"3583541700741630"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"亏损了一点点","listText":"亏损了一点点","text":"亏损了一点点","images":[{"img":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e6f7ea7acb9f87e08e45f31e3e758144","width":"750","height":"1319"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/817488026","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":401,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":1,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":826420316,"gmtCreate":1634048041693,"gmtModify":1634048041767,"author":{"id":"3583541700741630","authorId":"3583541700741630","name":"Weeweess","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/242477c20840a38ec5dad0ad105d50be","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3583541700741630","idStr":"3583541700741630"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"<a 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