恶魔的耳朵的个人主页 - 老虎社区

恶魔的耳朵

恶魔的耳朵

恶魔

IP属地：河北

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恶魔的耳朵

2017-12-02

$腾讯控股(00700)$ 从 10% 到 -1% 马后炮觉得应该之前那一波平掉但是现在拿在手里还是很踏实

恶魔的耳朵

2018-01-16

$迅雷(XNET)$ 今天晚上的迅雷又开车了老司机们都上车了吗😁

恶魔的耳朵

2016-02-27

$百度(BIDU)$ 涨这么多？百度你做了什么，回归主业成功？

恶魔的耳朵

2021-02-05

$极光(JG)$现在价格基本稳定在 6.9附近了吧开盘从空中直接跌下来，太刺激惨不忍睹[捂脸] [喷血]

恶魔的耳朵

2020-07-30

$理想汽车(LI)$10股，聊表心意[财迷]

恶魔的耳朵

2019-01-08

牛皮

抱歉，原内容已删除

恶魔的耳朵

2024-05-16

$DiDi Global Inc.(DIDIY)$ 啥时候能起飞感觉很困难，没有空间

恶魔的耳朵

2021-11-07

$高途(GOTU)$教育板块的，出路在哪里

恶魔的耳朵

2020-12-24

$阿里巴巴(BABA)$盘后跳水太严重了。看的见的手力量大。

恶魔的耳朵

2017-08-22

继续涨涨涨

$BABA 20171215 185.0 CALL(BABA)$ $阿里巴巴(BABA)$ 看图说话

继续涨涨涨

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10:27","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"芒格：你一定要和高水准的人做生意，永远不要和一头猪玩摔跤","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2287571860","media":"格上私募圈","summary":"临了，他会转向芒格，问道：“你还有什么要补充的吗？”芒格说的自学，就是永不停歇的自我提升。芒格在生活中也绝不盲从专家，他有自己的医生、会计师，他会参考他们的意见，但不会全信。芒格认为，阅读商业杂志是一条捷径。芒格认为，只有单一学科思维的人，就像只有一把锤子的人。芒格认为，要判断一门生意是不是好生意，就需要问这样的情况能持续多久？芒格坚定地认为。","content":"<html><head></head><body><p><b>作者：珍妮特•洛尔（美）</b></p><p><b>内容来源：本文摘编自中国人民大学出版社书籍《查理·芒格传》</b></p><p><b>写在前面：</b></p><p>几十年以来，在股神巴菲特的光环背后默默站着一个人，他就是查理·芒格。他们年轻时相识，彼此欣赏，价值观高度一致，巴菲特毫不讳言地说：没有芒格，我会比现在贫穷很多。我对他的感激无以言表。他们是智慧相当的人生合伙人，是51年年复合增长率19.2%的投资奇迹共同的创造者，不同之处在于芒格实在过于低调。</p><p>每年春天，数以千计的人前往位于内布拉斯加州的奥马哈参加<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BRK.A\">伯克希尔</a>公司的年度股东大会，他们是去看巴菲特的，不过对台上那个坐在巴菲特身边，时不时帮助这位奥马哈智者回答问题的人，他们也非常感兴趣。</p><p>表演通常是这样进行的：</p><p>巴菲特先回答问题，时间长短由他决定。临了，他会转向芒格，问道：“你还有什么要补充的吗？”芒格一动不动地端坐在那里，回答简单而粗率：“没什么要补充的。”偶尔，芒格基于自身丰富的阅历和经验，也会提出一些观点，然后说上一小段。一旦芒格开口说话，听众们都会全神贯注地听他发表看法。</p><p><b>在追寻人生智慧的途中，他不在意自己是否站在聚光灯下。</b>甚至，他希望自己的财富恰好保持在福布斯富豪榜名单的水准之下，这样他就能避开聚光灯，免受公众的关注。巴菲特的长子曾说：我爸是我认识的人中第二聪明的，查理•芒格第一。</p><p>芒格是一位杰出的投资思想家，但他并非生来如此，他在自己唯一授权的传记《巴菲特幕后智囊：查理·芒格传》一书中，展示了自己思考的细节和成为投资大咖的关键。</p><p><b>一、自我提升最重要</b></p><p>芒格认为：“要想赢得第一，就必须占得先机，千万不要原地踏步。我总是刚刚涉足某一业务就比其他人干得都要好。为什么？答案就是通过自学来提高修养，这才是真正行之有效的好主意。”</p><p>芒格说的自学，就是永不停歇的自我提升。在这条自我提升之路上，他最看重的有三点：</p><p><b>首先，独立思考。</b></p><p>他说，如果你在思考过程中完全依赖他人，总是听别人的所谓“专业意见”，一旦你离开自己的小天地，就会大难临头。</p><p>格雷厄姆是巴菲特的老师，价值投资的开山鼻祖，巴菲特前期投资思想的主要来源。但芒格并不完全认同格雷厄姆，他认为格雷厄姆很多观点无视现实情况。“格雷厄姆思想中有盲点，他没有意识到有的生意值得提前投入。”</p><p>正是在这一点上，巴菲特认为芒格对他的影响最大，用强大的意志力把他从格雷厄姆有局限性的观点中释放出来，推向了“以合适价格买优质资产”这个方向。</p><p>也正是因为这一点，巴菲特才说，“没有芒格，我会比现在贫穷很多”。大家津津乐道的巴菲特购买<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/002594\">比亚迪</a>，大赚20多倍的经典投资案例，也是在芒格极力坚持下，巴菲特才做出的决定。“我很想说投资比亚迪是我的决定，但不是，投资比亚迪不是我的决定，也不是我的投资团队的决定，而是有一天芒格打电话给我说：我们必须投资比亚迪。”</p><p>芒格在生活中也绝不盲从专家，他有自己的医生、会计师，他会参考他们的意见，但不会全信。他斟酌他们说的，然后自己研究，最后才得出结论。</p><p><b>其次，阅读的作用超乎想象。</b></p><p>芒格是一个如饥似渴的读书人，他的房间里、床上、椅子上到处是书，但他并不是一个小说迷，他看的不是商业类、传记类就是历史类或者科技类，都是以事实为基础的。</p><p>芒格说：“我对自己为什么要搜集这些信息十分清晰。在开始之前就想好要了解哪些事实，然后去判断所看到的数据是否符合基本概念。大量有目的的阅读可以让人在潜意识里养成一种习惯，把读到的东西和基本概念联系起来，逐渐就会累积起有关投资的智慧。如果没有进行过大量的阅读，不可能成为一个真正出色的投资人。”</p><p>芒格认为，阅读商业杂志是一条捷径。</p><p>“巴菲特和我从优秀的商业类杂志中学到的比其他任何地方学到的都要多，只要很快地翻阅一期又一期的杂志，就可以得到各种各样的商业经验，这种方法是如此简单而有效。”</p><p>他说，你要想变得聪明一点，就必须不断地问为什么、为什么、为什么。</p><p>芒格还是一个传记狂。他认为，要掌握一些行之有效的伟大观念时，最好和伟人的生平和个性结合起来。“和思路正确的离世伟人交朋友”听起来滑稽，但是如果一生都这样做，绝对大有裨益。</p><p>芒格研究过爱因斯坦、达尔文和牛顿的生平和科学著作，不过他最喜欢的离世伟人从来都是富兰克林。芒格欣赏富兰克林是当时美国最好的作家、投资家、科学家、外交家、商人，同时为教育和社会福利事业做出了巨大的贡献。</p><p>芒格正是从富兰克林那里形成了一种观念：要变得富有才能自由地为人类社会做贡献。“我从来都对成为一个有用的人兴趣更大，而不是单纯地变得有钱”。</p><p><b>第三，必需的跨学科思维。</b></p><p>芒格认为，只有单一学科思维的人，就像只有一把锤子的人。而就像那句著名的谚语说的那样，对只有一把锤子的人来说，任何问题看起来都很像钉子。单一学科思维的人具有很大局限性。</p><p>而要形成跨学科思维，芒格的建议是，不能苛求每个人对天体力学的掌握达到与拉普拉斯并驾齐驱的地步，也不应苛求普通人在其他知识领域也达到如此精湛的水平。</p><p>相反，每门学科真正重要的概念并不多，只需要大体了解，就能掌握精髓。而只要掌握学科中最基本的原理和概念，然后不断运用，练习用多种学科思维来解决实际问题，最终就能让自己形成优势。</p><p>他用自己举例：从来没正经学过心理学，但对心理学有兴趣，进行了一些自学，凭借自学的内容，就在投资和生活中获得了巨大优势；作为法学院的学生，专业学习离自然科学很远，但因为认真学过数学课和物理课，掌握了自然科学的一些思考方法，就获得了整体的思维优势。他说：</p><p>“我从物理学家那里学会了通过寻找最简单、最直接的答案来解决问题。最容易的方法永远都是最好的方法。我又从数学家那里学会了将问题倒过来看，或者从反面去看，反转，再反转。”</p><p><b>二、在芒格眼里通往财富自由之路是简单的</b></p><p><b>1.充分了解自己</b></p><p>芒格认为，每个人想参与投资游戏的人都必须了解自己的天性，都必须在考虑自己的边际效用和心理承受能力后才能开始投资。</p><p>“如果亏损会让你痛苦——而且有些亏损是不可避免的——那你毕生都应该选择一种非常保守的投资和储蓄方式。你必须将自己的天性和天分融入自己的投资策略中，没有一种普遍适用的投资策略。”</p><p><b>2.要投好生意</b></p><p>在收购喜诗糖果之前，巴菲特和芒格还是捡便宜专业户。“要是他们再多要10万美元，我们就不会买了，”芒格说，“我们当时就是那么愚蠢”。</p><p>当他们发现喜诗糖果是一桩出色的生意后，芒格意识到，收购一笔优质业务让它继续运作下去，比买下一家价格很低却在苦苦挣扎的公司，然后费时费力去拯救它要容易和愉快得多。</p><p>巴菲特说，如果没有买喜诗糖果，那他们可能后面也就不会买<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/KO\">可口可乐</a>了。芒格则说：</p><p>“从喜诗糖果我学到了很多：思考和行事方式必须经得起时间的考验。这样的经验让我们在其他地方的收购更为明智，做出了更好的决定。”</p><p><b>3.要学会判断一门生意是不是好生意</b></p><p>芒格对于生意有异乎寻常的准确判断。巴菲特曾经说，“芒格能比世界上任何人更快更准地分析和评估任何一项交易。他能在60秒内看到所有可能的缺陷，他是一个完美的合伙人。”</p><p>芒格认为，要判断一门生意是不是好生意，就需要问这样的情况能持续多久？</p><p>“我只知道一种方法来回答这个问题，那就是思考：是什么造成了现在的局面——然后去弄明白造成这些结果的动力多久后将不复存在。”</p><p><b>4.在股市里买股票，股价应该是多少</b></p><p>是否有能力回答这个问题就解释了为什么有人投资成功而有人没有。“不过话说回来，要不是这个问题有一点难度的话，每个人都会变得有钱。”芒格坚定地认为。</p><p>长期观察行业情况会让投资者在回答这个问题上有更好的洞察力。</p><p>“以前有很多市中心百货商店，看来是不可战胜的。店主为顾客提供大量购物选择、购买力强大，还拥有城里最贵的物业，商场街角多条有轨电车线路经过。然而，随着时间的推移，私家车成了主要的交通模式。有轨电车的轨道消失了，顾客们搬到了郊区居住，购物中心成了主要购物场所。我们生活中一些简单的变化就能完全改变一项业务的长期价值。”</p><p><b>5.考虑冗余系数</b></p><p>芒格说，虽然很少有公司屹立不倒，但是每一家公司都应该在创建的时候预计到要存着许多年。“造一座危桥是犯罪，成立一家脆弱的公司又何尝高尚？”所以，芒格认为应该考虑企业的“冗余系数”，就像修桥的时候，需要冗余系数来应对极端压力，公司也应该能抵抗来自竞争者、经济衰退、石油危机以及其他天灾人祸的压力。过多地运用杠杆工具或欠债都会让公司在经济风暴中脆弱得不堪一击。</p><p>很多中国投资家发现芒格身上有类似中国传统士大夫的精神和传统——他通过学习获取智慧，完全依靠自身修养获得商业成功，坚守理想和信念，遵循道德准则，理性、诚实、乐观、对社会充满终极关怀。</p><p>芒格金句：</p><p><b>你一定要和高水准的人做生意，永远不要和一头猪玩摔跤，因为如果你这么做了，你们两个都会变脏，但是猪会乐在其中。</b></p><p>好企业和差企业之间的区别在于，在好企业里你会做出一个接一个的轻松决定，而差企业的决定则常常是痛苦万分的。</p><p>我本人是一个传记狂，比如你要是和亚当·斯密成了朋友，那你一定会把经济学得更好。跟离世的伟人交朋友，这听起来很滑稽，但如果你一生都这样做，你会受益匪浅。</p><p>投资游戏说到底就是要比其他人对未来做出更准确的预言。要如何做到呢？一种方法是将这种竞争在有限的几个区域中进行。如果你试图预言所有事情的未来，你会因为缺乏专长而失败。</p><p>如果你想变得聪明，你就必须不停地问为什么？为什么？为什么？同时你还必须将答案和有条理的深层理论联系起来。你必须知道那些最主要的理论。这稍微会有些费力，但充满乐趣。</p><p>你们在生活中可能会遭到沉重的打击，不公平的打击。有些人能挺过去，有些人不能。人们不应该在自怜中沉沦，而是应该利用每次打击来提高自我。</p></body></html>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE 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{color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n芒格：你一定要和高水准的人做生意，永远不要和一头猪玩摔跤\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/1083023659\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/61a7d3b4f53e4a8b81be4c739ded31f5);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">格上私募圈 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time\">2022-12-04 10:27</p>\n</div>\n\n</a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<html><head></head><body><p><b>作者：珍妮特•洛尔（美）</b></p><p><b>内容来源：本文摘编自中国人民大学出版社书籍《查理·芒格传》</b></p><p><b>写在前面：</b></p><p>几十年以来，在股神巴菲特的光环背后默默站着一个人，他就是查理·芒格。他们年轻时相识，彼此欣赏，价值观高度一致，巴菲特毫不讳言地说：没有芒格，我会比现在贫穷很多。我对他的感激无以言表。他们是智慧相当的人生合伙人，是51年年复合增长率19.2%的投资奇迹共同的创造者，不同之处在于芒格实在过于低调。</p><p>每年春天，数以千计的人前往位于内布拉斯加州的奥马哈参加<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BRK.A\">伯克希尔</a>公司的年度股东大会，他们是去看巴菲特的，不过对台上那个坐在巴菲特身边，时不时帮助这位奥马哈智者回答问题的人，他们也非常感兴趣。</p><p>表演通常是这样进行的：</p><p>巴菲特先回答问题，时间长短由他决定。临了，他会转向芒格，问道：“你还有什么要补充的吗？”芒格一动不动地端坐在那里，回答简单而粗率：“没什么要补充的。”偶尔，芒格基于自身丰富的阅历和经验，也会提出一些观点，然后说上一小段。一旦芒格开口说话，听众们都会全神贯注地听他发表看法。</p><p><b>在追寻人生智慧的途中，他不在意自己是否站在聚光灯下。</b>甚至，他希望自己的财富恰好保持在福布斯富豪榜名单的水准之下，这样他就能避开聚光灯，免受公众的关注。巴菲特的长子曾说：我爸是我认识的人中第二聪明的，查理•芒格第一。</p><p>芒格是一位杰出的投资思想家，但他并非生来如此，他在自己唯一授权的传记《巴菲特幕后智囊：查理·芒格传》一书中，展示了自己思考的细节和成为投资大咖的关键。</p><p><b>一、自我提升最重要</b></p><p>芒格认为：“要想赢得第一，就必须占得先机，千万不要原地踏步。我总是刚刚涉足某一业务就比其他人干得都要好。为什么？答案就是通过自学来提高修养，这才是真正行之有效的好主意。”</p><p>芒格说的自学，就是永不停歇的自我提升。在这条自我提升之路上，他最看重的有三点：</p><p><b>首先，独立思考。</b></p><p>他说，如果你在思考过程中完全依赖他人，总是听别人的所谓“专业意见”，一旦你离开自己的小天地，就会大难临头。</p><p>格雷厄姆是巴菲特的老师，价值投资的开山鼻祖，巴菲特前期投资思想的主要来源。但芒格并不完全认同格雷厄姆，他认为格雷厄姆很多观点无视现实情况。“格雷厄姆思想中有盲点，他没有意识到有的生意值得提前投入。”</p><p>正是在这一点上，巴菲特认为芒格对他的影响最大，用强大的意志力把他从格雷厄姆有局限性的观点中释放出来，推向了“以合适价格买优质资产”这个方向。</p><p>也正是因为这一点，巴菲特才说，“没有芒格，我会比现在贫穷很多”。大家津津乐道的巴菲特购买<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/002594\">比亚迪</a>，大赚20多倍的经典投资案例，也是在芒格极力坚持下，巴菲特才做出的决定。“我很想说投资比亚迪是我的决定，但不是，投资比亚迪不是我的决定，也不是我的投资团队的决定，而是有一天芒格打电话给我说：我们必须投资比亚迪。”</p><p>芒格在生活中也绝不盲从专家，他有自己的医生、会计师，他会参考他们的意见，但不会全信。他斟酌他们说的，然后自己研究，最后才得出结论。</p><p><b>其次，阅读的作用超乎想象。</b></p><p>芒格是一个如饥似渴的读书人，他的房间里、床上、椅子上到处是书，但他并不是一个小说迷，他看的不是商业类、传记类就是历史类或者科技类，都是以事实为基础的。</p><p>芒格说：“我对自己为什么要搜集这些信息十分清晰。在开始之前就想好要了解哪些事实，然后去判断所看到的数据是否符合基本概念。大量有目的的阅读可以让人在潜意识里养成一种习惯，把读到的东西和基本概念联系起来，逐渐就会累积起有关投资的智慧。如果没有进行过大量的阅读，不可能成为一个真正出色的投资人。”</p><p>芒格认为，阅读商业杂志是一条捷径。</p><p>“巴菲特和我从优秀的商业类杂志中学到的比其他任何地方学到的都要多，只要很快地翻阅一期又一期的杂志，就可以得到各种各样的商业经验，这种方法是如此简单而有效。”</p><p>他说，你要想变得聪明一点，就必须不断地问为什么、为什么、为什么。</p><p>芒格还是一个传记狂。他认为，要掌握一些行之有效的伟大观念时，最好和伟人的生平和个性结合起来。“和思路正确的离世伟人交朋友”听起来滑稽，但是如果一生都这样做，绝对大有裨益。</p><p>芒格研究过爱因斯坦、达尔文和牛顿的生平和科学著作，不过他最喜欢的离世伟人从来都是富兰克林。芒格欣赏富兰克林是当时美国最好的作家、投资家、科学家、外交家、商人，同时为教育和社会福利事业做出了巨大的贡献。</p><p>芒格正是从富兰克林那里形成了一种观念：要变得富有才能自由地为人类社会做贡献。“我从来都对成为一个有用的人兴趣更大，而不是单纯地变得有钱”。</p><p><b>第三，必需的跨学科思维。</b></p><p>芒格认为，只有单一学科思维的人，就像只有一把锤子的人。而就像那句著名的谚语说的那样，对只有一把锤子的人来说，任何问题看起来都很像钉子。单一学科思维的人具有很大局限性。</p><p>而要形成跨学科思维，芒格的建议是，不能苛求每个人对天体力学的掌握达到与拉普拉斯并驾齐驱的地步，也不应苛求普通人在其他知识领域也达到如此精湛的水平。</p><p>相反，每门学科真正重要的概念并不多，只需要大体了解，就能掌握精髓。而只要掌握学科中最基本的原理和概念，然后不断运用，练习用多种学科思维来解决实际问题，最终就能让自己形成优势。</p><p>他用自己举例：从来没正经学过心理学，但对心理学有兴趣，进行了一些自学，凭借自学的内容，就在投资和生活中获得了巨大优势；作为法学院的学生，专业学习离自然科学很远，但因为认真学过数学课和物理课，掌握了自然科学的一些思考方法，就获得了整体的思维优势。他说：</p><p>“我从物理学家那里学会了通过寻找最简单、最直接的答案来解决问题。最容易的方法永远都是最好的方法。我又从数学家那里学会了将问题倒过来看，或者从反面去看，反转，再反转。”</p><p><b>二、在芒格眼里通往财富自由之路是简单的</b></p><p><b>1.充分了解自己</b></p><p>芒格认为，每个人想参与投资游戏的人都必须了解自己的天性，都必须在考虑自己的边际效用和心理承受能力后才能开始投资。</p><p>“如果亏损会让你痛苦——而且有些亏损是不可避免的——那你毕生都应该选择一种非常保守的投资和储蓄方式。你必须将自己的天性和天分融入自己的投资策略中，没有一种普遍适用的投资策略。”</p><p><b>2.要投好生意</b></p><p>在收购喜诗糖果之前，巴菲特和芒格还是捡便宜专业户。“要是他们再多要10万美元，我们就不会买了，”芒格说，“我们当时就是那么愚蠢”。</p><p>当他们发现喜诗糖果是一桩出色的生意后，芒格意识到，收购一笔优质业务让它继续运作下去，比买下一家价格很低却在苦苦挣扎的公司，然后费时费力去拯救它要容易和愉快得多。</p><p>巴菲特说，如果没有买喜诗糖果，那他们可能后面也就不会买<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/KO\">可口可乐</a>了。芒格则说：</p><p>“从喜诗糖果我学到了很多：思考和行事方式必须经得起时间的考验。这样的经验让我们在其他地方的收购更为明智，做出了更好的决定。”</p><p><b>3.要学会判断一门生意是不是好生意</b></p><p>芒格对于生意有异乎寻常的准确判断。巴菲特曾经说，“芒格能比世界上任何人更快更准地分析和评估任何一项交易。他能在60秒内看到所有可能的缺陷，他是一个完美的合伙人。”</p><p>芒格认为，要判断一门生意是不是好生意，就需要问这样的情况能持续多久？</p><p>“我只知道一种方法来回答这个问题，那就是思考：是什么造成了现在的局面——然后去弄明白造成这些结果的动力多久后将不复存在。”</p><p><b>4.在股市里买股票，股价应该是多少</b></p><p>是否有能力回答这个问题就解释了为什么有人投资成功而有人没有。“不过话说回来，要不是这个问题有一点难度的话，每个人都会变得有钱。”芒格坚定地认为。</p><p>长期观察行业情况会让投资者在回答这个问题上有更好的洞察力。</p><p>“以前有很多市中心百货商店，看来是不可战胜的。店主为顾客提供大量购物选择、购买力强大，还拥有城里最贵的物业，商场街角多条有轨电车线路经过。然而，随着时间的推移，私家车成了主要的交通模式。有轨电车的轨道消失了，顾客们搬到了郊区居住，购物中心成了主要购物场所。我们生活中一些简单的变化就能完全改变一项业务的长期价值。”</p><p><b>5.考虑冗余系数</b></p><p>芒格说，虽然很少有公司屹立不倒，但是每一家公司都应该在创建的时候预计到要存着许多年。“造一座危桥是犯罪，成立一家脆弱的公司又何尝高尚？”所以，芒格认为应该考虑企业的“冗余系数”，就像修桥的时候，需要冗余系数来应对极端压力，公司也应该能抵抗来自竞争者、经济衰退、石油危机以及其他天灾人祸的压力。过多地运用杠杆工具或欠债都会让公司在经济风暴中脆弱得不堪一击。</p><p>很多中国投资家发现芒格身上有类似中国传统士大夫的精神和传统——他通过学习获取智慧，完全依靠自身修养获得商业成功，坚守理想和信念，遵循道德准则，理性、诚实、乐观、对社会充满终极关怀。</p><p>芒格金句：</p><p><b>你一定要和高水准的人做生意，永远不要和一头猪玩摔跤，因为如果你这么做了，你们两个都会变脏，但是猪会乐在其中。</b></p><p>好企业和差企业之间的区别在于，在好企业里你会做出一个接一个的轻松决定，而差企业的决定则常常是痛苦万分的。</p><p>我本人是一个传记狂，比如你要是和亚当·斯密成了朋友，那你一定会把经济学得更好。跟离世的伟人交朋友，这听起来很滑稽，但如果你一生都这样做，你会受益匪浅。</p><p>投资游戏说到底就是要比其他人对未来做出更准确的预言。要如何做到呢？一种方法是将这种竞争在有限的几个区域中进行。如果你试图预言所有事情的未来，你会因为缺乏专长而失败。</p><p>如果你想变得聪明，你就必须不停地问为什么？为什么？为什么？同时你还必须将答案和有条理的深层理论联系起来。你必须知道那些最主要的理论。这稍微会有些费力，但充满乐趣。</p><p>你们在生活中可能会遭到沉重的打击，不公平的打击。有些人能挺过去，有些人不能。人们不应该在自怜中沉沦，而是应该利用每次打击来提高自我。</p></body></html>\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/7d30d3e4a8c584dc0c7143999338c880","relate_stocks":{"LU0980610538.SGD":"Natixis 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ACC","BK4533":"AQR资本管理(全球第二大对冲基金)"},"source_url":"","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"2287571860","content_text":"作者：珍妮特•洛尔（美）内容来源：本文摘编自中国人民大学出版社书籍《查理·芒格传》写在前面：几十年以来，在股神巴菲特的光环背后默默站着一个人，他就是查理·芒格。他们年轻时相识，彼此欣赏，价值观高度一致，巴菲特毫不讳言地说：没有芒格，我会比现在贫穷很多。我对他的感激无以言表。他们是智慧相当的人生合伙人，是51年年复合增长率19.2%的投资奇迹共同的创造者，不同之处在于芒格实在过于低调。每年春天，数以千计的人前往位于内布拉斯加州的奥马哈参加伯克希尔公司的年度股东大会，他们是去看巴菲特的，不过对台上那个坐在巴菲特身边，时不时帮助这位奥马哈智者回答问题的人，他们也非常感兴趣。表演通常是这样进行的：巴菲特先回答问题，时间长短由他决定。临了，他会转向芒格，问道：“你还有什么要补充的吗？”芒格一动不动地端坐在那里，回答简单而粗率：“没什么要补充的。”偶尔，芒格基于自身丰富的阅历和经验，也会提出一些观点，然后说上一小段。一旦芒格开口说话，听众们都会全神贯注地听他发表看法。在追寻人生智慧的途中，他不在意自己是否站在聚光灯下。甚至，他希望自己的财富恰好保持在福布斯富豪榜名单的水准之下，这样他就能避开聚光灯，免受公众的关注。巴菲特的长子曾说：我爸是我认识的人中第二聪明的，查理•芒格第一。芒格是一位杰出的投资思想家，但他并非生来如此，他在自己唯一授权的传记《巴菲特幕后智囊：查理·芒格传》一书中，展示了自己思考的细节和成为投资大咖的关键。一、自我提升最重要芒格认为：“要想赢得第一，就必须占得先机，千万不要原地踏步。我总是刚刚涉足某一业务就比其他人干得都要好。为什么？答案就是通过自学来提高修养，这才是真正行之有效的好主意。”芒格说的自学，就是永不停歇的自我提升。在这条自我提升之路上，他最看重的有三点：首先，独立思考。他说，如果你在思考过程中完全依赖他人，总是听别人的所谓“专业意见”，一旦你离开自己的小天地，就会大难临头。格雷厄姆是巴菲特的老师，价值投资的开山鼻祖，巴菲特前期投资思想的主要来源。但芒格并不完全认同格雷厄姆，他认为格雷厄姆很多观点无视现实情况。“格雷厄姆思想中有盲点，他没有意识到有的生意值得提前投入。”正是在这一点上，巴菲特认为芒格对他的影响最大，用强大的意志力把他从格雷厄姆有局限性的观点中释放出来，推向了“以合适价格买优质资产”这个方向。也正是因为这一点，巴菲特才说，“没有芒格，我会比现在贫穷很多”。大家津津乐道的巴菲特购买比亚迪，大赚20多倍的经典投资案例，也是在芒格极力坚持下，巴菲特才做出的决定。“我很想说投资比亚迪是我的决定，但不是，投资比亚迪不是我的决定，也不是我的投资团队的决定，而是有一天芒格打电话给我说：我们必须投资比亚迪。”芒格在生活中也绝不盲从专家，他有自己的医生、会计师，他会参考他们的意见，但不会全信。他斟酌他们说的，然后自己研究，最后才得出结论。其次，阅读的作用超乎想象。芒格是一个如饥似渴的读书人，他的房间里、床上、椅子上到处是书，但他并不是一个小说迷，他看的不是商业类、传记类就是历史类或者科技类，都是以事实为基础的。芒格说：“我对自己为什么要搜集这些信息十分清晰。在开始之前就想好要了解哪些事实，然后去判断所看到的数据是否符合基本概念。大量有目的的阅读可以让人在潜意识里养成一种习惯，把读到的东西和基本概念联系起来，逐渐就会累积起有关投资的智慧。如果没有进行过大量的阅读，不可能成为一个真正出色的投资人。”芒格认为，阅读商业杂志是一条捷径。“巴菲特和我从优秀的商业类杂志中学到的比其他任何地方学到的都要多，只要很快地翻阅一期又一期的杂志，就可以得到各种各样的商业经验，这种方法是如此简单而有效。”他说，你要想变得聪明一点，就必须不断地问为什么、为什么、为什么。芒格还是一个传记狂。他认为，要掌握一些行之有效的伟大观念时，最好和伟人的生平和个性结合起来。“和思路正确的离世伟人交朋友”听起来滑稽，但是如果一生都这样做，绝对大有裨益。芒格研究过爱因斯坦、达尔文和牛顿的生平和科学著作，不过他最喜欢的离世伟人从来都是富兰克林。芒格欣赏富兰克林是当时美国最好的作家、投资家、科学家、外交家、商人，同时为教育和社会福利事业做出了巨大的贡献。芒格正是从富兰克林那里形成了一种观念：要变得富有才能自由地为人类社会做贡献。“我从来都对成为一个有用的人兴趣更大，而不是单纯地变得有钱”。第三，必需的跨学科思维。芒格认为，只有单一学科思维的人，就像只有一把锤子的人。而就像那句著名的谚语说的那样，对只有一把锤子的人来说，任何问题看起来都很像钉子。单一学科思维的人具有很大局限性。而要形成跨学科思维，芒格的建议是，不能苛求每个人对天体力学的掌握达到与拉普拉斯并驾齐驱的地步，也不应苛求普通人在其他知识领域也达到如此精湛的水平。相反，每门学科真正重要的概念并不多，只需要大体了解，就能掌握精髓。而只要掌握学科中最基本的原理和概念，然后不断运用，练习用多种学科思维来解决实际问题，最终就能让自己形成优势。他用自己举例：从来没正经学过心理学，但对心理学有兴趣，进行了一些自学，凭借自学的内容，就在投资和生活中获得了巨大优势；作为法学院的学生，专业学习离自然科学很远，但因为认真学过数学课和物理课，掌握了自然科学的一些思考方法，就获得了整体的思维优势。他说：“我从物理学家那里学会了通过寻找最简单、最直接的答案来解决问题。最容易的方法永远都是最好的方法。我又从数学家那里学会了将问题倒过来看，或者从反面去看，反转，再反转。”二、在芒格眼里通往财富自由之路是简单的1.充分了解自己芒格认为，每个人想参与投资游戏的人都必须了解自己的天性，都必须在考虑自己的边际效用和心理承受能力后才能开始投资。“如果亏损会让你痛苦——而且有些亏损是不可避免的——那你毕生都应该选择一种非常保守的投资和储蓄方式。你必须将自己的天性和天分融入自己的投资策略中，没有一种普遍适用的投资策略。”2.要投好生意在收购喜诗糖果之前，巴菲特和芒格还是捡便宜专业户。“要是他们再多要10万美元，我们就不会买了，”芒格说，“我们当时就是那么愚蠢”。当他们发现喜诗糖果是一桩出色的生意后，芒格意识到，收购一笔优质业务让它继续运作下去，比买下一家价格很低却在苦苦挣扎的公司，然后费时费力去拯救它要容易和愉快得多。巴菲特说，如果没有买喜诗糖果，那他们可能后面也就不会买可口可乐了。芒格则说：“从喜诗糖果我学到了很多：思考和行事方式必须经得起时间的考验。这样的经验让我们在其他地方的收购更为明智，做出了更好的决定。”3.要学会判断一门生意是不是好生意芒格对于生意有异乎寻常的准确判断。巴菲特曾经说，“芒格能比世界上任何人更快更准地分析和评估任何一项交易。他能在60秒内看到所有可能的缺陷，他是一个完美的合伙人。”芒格认为，要判断一门生意是不是好生意，就需要问这样的情况能持续多久？“我只知道一种方法来回答这个问题，那就是思考：是什么造成了现在的局面——然后去弄明白造成这些结果的动力多久后将不复存在。”4.在股市里买股票，股价应该是多少是否有能力回答这个问题就解释了为什么有人投资成功而有人没有。“不过话说回来，要不是这个问题有一点难度的话，每个人都会变得有钱。”芒格坚定地认为。长期观察行业情况会让投资者在回答这个问题上有更好的洞察力。“以前有很多市中心百货商店，看来是不可战胜的。店主为顾客提供大量购物选择、购买力强大，还拥有城里最贵的物业，商场街角多条有轨电车线路经过。然而，随着时间的推移，私家车成了主要的交通模式。有轨电车的轨道消失了，顾客们搬到了郊区居住，购物中心成了主要购物场所。我们生活中一些简单的变化就能完全改变一项业务的长期价值。”5.考虑冗余系数芒格说，虽然很少有公司屹立不倒，但是每一家公司都应该在创建的时候预计到要存着许多年。“造一座危桥是犯罪，成立一家脆弱的公司又何尝高尚？”所以，芒格认为应该考虑企业的“冗余系数”，就像修桥的时候，需要冗余系数来应对极端压力，公司也应该能抵抗来自竞争者、经济衰退、石油危机以及其他天灾人祸的压力。过多地运用杠杆工具或欠债都会让公司在经济风暴中脆弱得不堪一击。很多中国投资家发现芒格身上有类似中国传统士大夫的精神和传统——他通过学习获取智慧，完全依靠自身修养获得商业成功，坚守理想和信念，遵循道德准则，理性、诚实、乐观、对社会充满终极关怀。芒格金句：你一定要和高水准的人做生意，永远不要和一头猪玩摔跤，因为如果你这么做了，你们两个都会变脏，但是猪会乐在其中。好企业和差企业之间的区别在于，在好企业里你会做出一个接一个的轻松决定，而差企业的决定则常常是痛苦万分的。我本人是一个传记狂，比如你要是和亚当·斯密成了朋友，那你一定会把经济学得更好。跟离世的伟人交朋友，这听起来很滑稽，但如果你一生都这样做，你会受益匪浅。投资游戏说到底就是要比其他人对未来做出更准确的预言。要如何做到呢？一种方法是将这种竞争在有限的几个区域中进行。如果你试图预言所有事情的未来，你会因为缺乏专长而失败。如果你想变得聪明，你就必须不停地问为什么？为什么？为什么？同时你还必须将答案和有条理的深层理论联系起来。你必须知道那些最主要的理论。这稍微会有些费力，但充满乐趣。你们在生活中可能会遭到沉重的打击，不公平的打击。有些人能挺过去，有些人不能。人们不应该在自怜中沉沦，而是应该利用每次打击来提高自我。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"BRK.A":0.9,"BRK.B":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":3707,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":845013598,"gmtCreate":1636251943545,"gmtModify":1636251943545,"author":{"id":"2305660017425","authorId":"2305660017425","name":"恶魔的耳朵","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/7cfb76060449e41b099ae4a6ff166750","crmLevel":8,"crmLevelSwitch":1,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"2305660017425","authorIdStr":"2305660017425"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"<a 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