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2021-03-08
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How to handle market declines<blockquote>如何应对市场下跌</blockquote>
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The natural instinct is to flee the market when it starts to plummet, just as greed prompts people to jump back in when stocks are skyrocketing. Both can have negative impacts.</p><p><blockquote>诺贝尔奖获得者心理学家丹尼尔·卡尼曼用他的损失厌恶理论证明了这一点，表明人们更多地感受到损失的痛苦，而不是享受收益。当市场开始暴跌时，人们的本能是逃离市场，就像当股票暴涨时，贪婪会促使人们重新投入市场一样。两者都会产生负面影响。</blockquote></p><p> But smart investing can overcome the power of emotion by focusing on relevant research, solid data and proven strategies. Here are seven principles that can help fight the urge to make emotional decisions in times of market turmoil.</p><p><blockquote>但明智的投资可以通过专注于相关研究、可靠的数据和经过验证的策略来克服情绪的力量。这里有七个原则可以帮助你在市场动荡时期抑制情绪化决策的冲动。</blockquote></p><p> <b>1. Market declines are part of investing</b></p><p><blockquote><b>1.市场下跌是投资的一部分</b></blockquote></p><p> Stocks have risen steadily for most of the last decade, but history tells us that stock market declines are an inevitable part of investing. The good news is that corrections (defined as a 10% or more decline), bear markets (an extended 20% or more decline) and other challenging patches haven’t lasted forever.</p><p><blockquote>在过去十年的大部分时间里，股市一直在稳步上涨，但历史告诉我们，股市下跌是投资不可避免的一部分。好消息是，调整（定义为下跌10%或以上）、熊市（下跌20%或以上）和其他具有挑战性的时期并没有永远持续下去。</blockquote></p><p> <img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/de01aaa90e8493bebe0ce8650722d2a9\" tg-width=\"916\" tg-height=\"359\"></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p> The Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Index has typically dipped at least 10% about once a year, and 20% or more about every six years, according to data from 1950 to 2019. While past results are not predictive of future results, each downturn has been followed by a recovery and a new market high.</p><p><blockquote>根据1950年至2019年的数据，标准普尔500综合指数通常每年至少下跌10%，每六年下跌20%或更多。虽然过去的结果并不能预测未来的结果，但每次低迷之后都会出现复苏和市场新高。</blockquote></p><p> <b>2. Time in the market matters, not market timing</b></p><p><blockquote><b>2.重要的是市场时间，而不是市场时机</b></blockquote></p><p> No one can accurately predict short-term market moves, and investors who sit on the sidelines risk losing out on periods of meaningful price appreciation that follow downturns.</p><p><blockquote>没有人能够准确预测短期市场走势，袖手旁观的投资者可能会错过经济低迷后有意义的价格升值时期。</blockquote></p><p> Every S&P 500 decline of 15% or more, from 1929 through 2019, has been followed by a recovery. The average return in the first year after each of these declines was 54%.</p><p><blockquote>从1929年到2019年，标普500每下降15%或以上，都会出现复苏。每次下跌后第一年的平均回报率为54%。</blockquote></p><p> Even missing out on just a few trading days can take a toll. A hypothetical investment of $1,000 in the S&P 500 made in 2010 would have grown to more than $2,800 by the end of 2019. But if an investor missed just the 10 best trading days during that period, he or she would have ended up with 33% less.</p><p><blockquote>即使错过几个交易日也会造成损失。假设2010年对标普500的投资为1,000美元，到2019年底将增长到2,800多美元。但如果投资者错过了在此期间最好的10个交易日，他或她最终的收益就会减少33%。</blockquote></p><p> <img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5f6b5b3ae6b57cc31f1af5aebbc17fa2\" tg-width=\"916\" tg-height=\"517\"></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p> <b>3. Emotional investing can be hazardous</b></p><p><blockquote><b>3.情感投资可能是危险的</b></blockquote></p><p> Kahneman won his Nobel Prize in 2002 for his work in behavioral economics, a field that investigates how individuals make financial decisions. A key finding of behavioral economists is that people often act irrationally when making such choices.</p><p><blockquote>卡尼曼因其在行为经济学方面的工作获得了2002年的诺贝尔奖，该领域研究个人如何做出财务决策。行为经济学家的一个关键发现是，人们在做出这样的选择时往往会做出非理性的行为。</blockquote></p><p> Emotional reactions to market events are perfectly normal. Investors should expect to feel nervous when markets decline, but it’s the actions taken during such periods that can mean the difference between investment success and shortfall.</p><p><blockquote>对市场事件的情绪反应是完全正常的。当市场下跌时，投资者应该会感到紧张，但在此期间采取的行动可能意味着投资成功和失败之间的区别。</blockquote></p><p> <img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4ce214d221fe60c0d520aa334e3d7be7\" tg-width=\"916\" tg-height=\"448\"></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p> One way to encourage rational investment decision-making is to understand the fundamentals of behavioral economics. Recognizing behaviors like anchoring, confirmation bias and availability bias may help investors identify potential mistakes before they make them.</p><p><blockquote>鼓励理性投资决策的一个方法是理解行为经济学的基本原理。识别锚定、确认偏差和可用性偏差等行为可以帮助投资者在犯潜在错误之前识别它们。</blockquote></p><p> <b>4. Make a plan and stick to it</b></p><p><blockquote><b>4.制定计划并坚持下去</b></blockquote></p><p> Creating and adhering to a thoughtfully constructed investment plan is another way to avoid making short-sighted investment decisions — particularly when markets move lower. The plan should take into account a number of factors, including risk tolerance and short- and long-term goals.</p><p><blockquote>制定并坚持深思熟虑的投资计划是避免做出短视投资决策的另一种方法——尤其是当市场走低时。该计划应考虑许多因素，包括风险承受能力以及短期和长期目标。</blockquote></p><p> One way to avoid futile attempts to time the market is with dollar cost averaging, where a fixed amount of money is invested at regular intervals, regardless of market ups and downs. This approach creates a strategy in which more shares are purchased at lower prices and fewer shares are purchased at higher prices. Over time investors pay less, on average, per share. Regular investing does not ensure a profit or protect against loss. Investors should consider their willingness to keep investing when share prices are declining.</p><p><blockquote>避免徒劳地尝试把握市场时机的一种方法是美元成本平均法，即无论市场涨跌如何，定期投资固定金额的资金。这种方法创建了一种策略，其中以较低的价格购买更多股票，以较高的价格购买更少股票。随着时间的推移，投资者平均每股支付的费用会减少。定期投资并不能确保盈利或防止损失。投资者应考虑在股价下跌时继续投资的意愿。</blockquote></p><p> <img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c40068e959546f5e54c0a77a783a038b\" tg-width=\"916\" tg-height=\"501\"></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p> Retirement plans, to which investors make automatic contributions with every paycheck, are a prime example of dollar cost averaging.</p><p><blockquote>投资者用每份薪水自动向退休计划缴款，这是平均成本法的一个典型例子。</blockquote></p><p> <b>5. Diversification matters</b></p><p><blockquote><b>五、多元化事项</b></blockquote></p><p> A diversified portfolio doesn’t guarantee profits or provide assurances that investments won’t decrease in value, but it does help lower risk. By spreading investments across a variety of asset classes, investors can buffer the effects of volatility on their portfolios. Overall returns won’t reach the highest highs of any single investment — but they won’t hit the lowest lows either.</p><p><blockquote>多元化的投资组合并不能保证利润或保证投资不会贬值，但它确实有助于降低风险。通过将投资分散到各种资产类别，投资者可以缓冲波动对其投资组合的影响。总体回报不会达到任何单一投资的最高点，但也不会达到最低点。</blockquote></p><p> For investors who want to avoid some of the stress of downturns, diversification can help lower volatility.</p><p><blockquote>对于想要避免经济低迷压力的投资者来说，多元化有助于降低波动性。</blockquote></p><p> <img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a6b891f36b43c3ca3b7f9285cf8d0ca4\" tg-width=\"916\" tg-height=\"645\"></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p></p><p> <b>6. Fixed income can help bring balance</b></p><p><blockquote><b>6.固定收益有助于带来平衡</b></blockquote></p><p> Stocks are important building blocks of a diversified portfolio, but bonds can provide an essential counterbalance. That’s because bonds typically have low correlation to the stock market, meaning that they have tended to zig when the stock market zagged.</p><p><blockquote>股票是多元化投资组合的重要组成部分，但债券可以提供重要的平衡。这是因为债券通常与股市的相关性较低，这意味着当股市波动时，债券往往会波动。</blockquote></p><p> <img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/890a63f81150f3bfa535786be314ddea\" tg-width=\"916\" tg-height=\"537\"></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p> What’s more, bonds with a low equity correlation can potentially help soften the impact of stock market losses on your overall portfolio. Funds providing this diversification can help create durable portfolios, and investors should seek bond funds with strong track records of positive returns through a variety of markets.</p><p><blockquote>更重要的是，股票相关性较低的债券可能有助于减轻股市损失对您整体投资组合的影响。提供这种多元化的基金可以帮助创建持久的投资组合，投资者应该通过各种市场寻找具有良好正回报记录的债券基金。</blockquote></p><p> Though bonds may not be able to match the growth potential of stocks, they have often shown resilience in past equity declines. For example, U.S. core bonds were flat or positive in five of the last six corrections.</p><p><blockquote>尽管债券可能无法与股票的增长潜力相匹配，但它们在过去的股市下跌中往往表现出弹性。例如，美国核心债券在过去六次调整中有五次持平或上涨。</blockquote></p><p> <b>7. The market tends to reward long-term investors</b></p><p><blockquote><b>7.市场倾向于回报长期投资者</b></blockquote></p><p> Is it reasonable to expect 30% returns every year? Of course not. And if stocks have moved lower in recent weeks, you shouldn’t expect that to be the start of a long-term trend, either. Behavioral economics tells us recent events carry an outsized influence on our perceptions and decisions.</p><p><blockquote>期望每年30%的回报合理吗？当然不是。如果股市最近几周走低，你也不应该指望这是长期趋势的开始。行为经济学告诉我们，最近的事件对我们的感知和决策有着巨大的影响。</blockquote></p><p> It’s always important to maintain a long-term perspective, but especially when markets are declining. Although stocks rise and fall in the short term, they’ve tended to reward investors over longer periods of time. Even including downturns, the S&P 500’s average annual return over all 10-year periods from 1937 to 2019 was 10.47%.</p><p><blockquote>保持长期观点总是很重要，尤其是在市场下跌的时候。尽管股票在短期内上涨和下跌，但它们往往会在较长时间内回报投资者。即使包括低迷时期，标普500在1937年至2019年的所有10年期间的平均年回报率为10.47%。</blockquote></p><p> <img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9a43c92755d55227a882d674690c39c3\" tg-width=\"795\" tg-height=\"532\"></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p> It’s natural for emotions to bubble up during periods of volatility. Those investors who can tune out the news and focus on their long-term goals are better positioned to plot out a wise investment strategy.</p><p><blockquote>在波动时期，情绪高涨是很自然的。那些能够忽略新闻并专注于长期目标的投资者能够更好地制定明智的投资策略。</blockquote></p><p></p>","source":"lsy1615210994562","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>How to handle market declines<blockquote>如何应对市场下跌</blockquote></title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nHow to handle market declines<blockquote>如何应对市场下跌</blockquote>\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">Capital Group</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-03-08 21:43</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>You wouldn’t be human if you didn’t fear loss.</p><p><blockquote>如果你不害怕失去，你就不是人类。</blockquote></p><p> Nobel Prize-winning psychologist Daniel Kahneman demonstrated this with his loss aversion theory, showing that people feel the pain of losing money more than they enjoy gains. The natural instinct is to flee the market when it starts to plummet, just as greed prompts people to jump back in when stocks are skyrocketing. Both can have negative impacts.</p><p><blockquote>诺贝尔奖获得者心理学家丹尼尔·卡尼曼用他的损失厌恶理论证明了这一点，表明人们更多地感受到损失的痛苦，而不是享受收益。当市场开始暴跌时，人们的本能是逃离市场，就像当股票暴涨时，贪婪会促使人们重新投入市场一样。两者都会产生负面影响。</blockquote></p><p> But smart investing can overcome the power of emotion by focusing on relevant research, solid data and proven strategies. Here are seven principles that can help fight the urge to make emotional decisions in times of market turmoil.</p><p><blockquote>但明智的投资可以通过专注于相关研究、可靠的数据和经过验证的策略来克服情绪的力量。这里有七个原则可以帮助你在市场动荡时期抑制情绪化决策的冲动。</blockquote></p><p> <b>1. Market declines are part of investing</b></p><p><blockquote><b>1.市场下跌是投资的一部分</b></blockquote></p><p> Stocks have risen steadily for most of the last decade, but history tells us that stock market declines are an inevitable part of investing. The good news is that corrections (defined as a 10% or more decline), bear markets (an extended 20% or more decline) and other challenging patches haven’t lasted forever.</p><p><blockquote>在过去十年的大部分时间里，股市一直在稳步上涨，但历史告诉我们，股市下跌是投资不可避免的一部分。好消息是，调整（定义为下跌10%或以上）、熊市（下跌20%或以上）和其他具有挑战性的时期并没有永远持续下去。</blockquote></p><p> <img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/de01aaa90e8493bebe0ce8650722d2a9\" tg-width=\"916\" tg-height=\"359\"></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p> The Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Index has typically dipped at least 10% about once a year, and 20% or more about every six years, according to data from 1950 to 2019. While past results are not predictive of future results, each downturn has been followed by a recovery and a new market high.</p><p><blockquote>根据1950年至2019年的数据，标准普尔500综合指数通常每年至少下跌10%，每六年下跌20%或更多。虽然过去的结果并不能预测未来的结果，但每次低迷之后都会出现复苏和市场新高。</blockquote></p><p> <b>2. Time in the market matters, not market timing</b></p><p><blockquote><b>2.重要的是市场时间，而不是市场时机</b></blockquote></p><p> No one can accurately predict short-term market moves, and investors who sit on the sidelines risk losing out on periods of meaningful price appreciation that follow downturns.</p><p><blockquote>没有人能够准确预测短期市场走势，袖手旁观的投资者可能会错过经济低迷后有意义的价格升值时期。</blockquote></p><p> Every S&P 500 decline of 15% or more, from 1929 through 2019, has been followed by a recovery. The average return in the first year after each of these declines was 54%.</p><p><blockquote>从1929年到2019年，标普500每下降15%或以上，都会出现复苏。每次下跌后第一年的平均回报率为54%。</blockquote></p><p> Even missing out on just a few trading days can take a toll. A hypothetical investment of $1,000 in the S&P 500 made in 2010 would have grown to more than $2,800 by the end of 2019. But if an investor missed just the 10 best trading days during that period, he or she would have ended up with 33% less.</p><p><blockquote>即使错过几个交易日也会造成损失。假设2010年对标普500的投资为1,000美元，到2019年底将增长到2,800多美元。但如果投资者错过了在此期间最好的10个交易日，他或她最终的收益就会减少33%。</blockquote></p><p> <img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5f6b5b3ae6b57cc31f1af5aebbc17fa2\" tg-width=\"916\" tg-height=\"517\"></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p> <b>3. Emotional investing can be hazardous</b></p><p><blockquote><b>3.情感投资可能是危险的</b></blockquote></p><p> Kahneman won his Nobel Prize in 2002 for his work in behavioral economics, a field that investigates how individuals make financial decisions. A key finding of behavioral economists is that people often act irrationally when making such choices.</p><p><blockquote>卡尼曼因其在行为经济学方面的工作获得了2002年的诺贝尔奖，该领域研究个人如何做出财务决策。行为经济学家的一个关键发现是，人们在做出这样的选择时往往会做出非理性的行为。</blockquote></p><p> Emotional reactions to market events are perfectly normal. Investors should expect to feel nervous when markets decline, but it’s the actions taken during such periods that can mean the difference between investment success and shortfall.</p><p><blockquote>对市场事件的情绪反应是完全正常的。当市场下跌时，投资者应该会感到紧张，但在此期间采取的行动可能意味着投资成功和失败之间的区别。</blockquote></p><p> <img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4ce214d221fe60c0d520aa334e3d7be7\" tg-width=\"916\" tg-height=\"448\"></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p> One way to encourage rational investment decision-making is to understand the fundamentals of behavioral economics. Recognizing behaviors like anchoring, confirmation bias and availability bias may help investors identify potential mistakes before they make them.</p><p><blockquote>鼓励理性投资决策的一个方法是理解行为经济学的基本原理。识别锚定、确认偏差和可用性偏差等行为可以帮助投资者在犯潜在错误之前识别它们。</blockquote></p><p> <b>4. Make a plan and stick to it</b></p><p><blockquote><b>4.制定计划并坚持下去</b></blockquote></p><p> Creating and adhering to a thoughtfully constructed investment plan is another way to avoid making short-sighted investment decisions — particularly when markets move lower. The plan should take into account a number of factors, including risk tolerance and short- and long-term goals.</p><p><blockquote>制定并坚持深思熟虑的投资计划是避免做出短视投资决策的另一种方法——尤其是当市场走低时。该计划应考虑许多因素，包括风险承受能力以及短期和长期目标。</blockquote></p><p> One way to avoid futile attempts to time the market is with dollar cost averaging, where a fixed amount of money is invested at regular intervals, regardless of market ups and downs. This approach creates a strategy in which more shares are purchased at lower prices and fewer shares are purchased at higher prices. Over time investors pay less, on average, per share. Regular investing does not ensure a profit or protect against loss. Investors should consider their willingness to keep investing when share prices are declining.</p><p><blockquote>避免徒劳地尝试把握市场时机的一种方法是美元成本平均法，即无论市场涨跌如何，定期投资固定金额的资金。这种方法创建了一种策略，其中以较低的价格购买更多股票，以较高的价格购买更少股票。随着时间的推移，投资者平均每股支付的费用会减少。定期投资并不能确保盈利或防止损失。投资者应考虑在股价下跌时继续投资的意愿。</blockquote></p><p> <img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c40068e959546f5e54c0a77a783a038b\" tg-width=\"916\" tg-height=\"501\"></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p> Retirement plans, to which investors make automatic contributions with every paycheck, are a prime example of dollar cost averaging.</p><p><blockquote>投资者用每份薪水自动向退休计划缴款，这是平均成本法的一个典型例子。</blockquote></p><p> <b>5. Diversification matters</b></p><p><blockquote><b>五、多元化事项</b></blockquote></p><p> A diversified portfolio doesn’t guarantee profits or provide assurances that investments won’t decrease in value, but it does help lower risk. By spreading investments across a variety of asset classes, investors can buffer the effects of volatility on their portfolios. Overall returns won’t reach the highest highs of any single investment — but they won’t hit the lowest lows either.</p><p><blockquote>多元化的投资组合并不能保证利润或保证投资不会贬值，但它确实有助于降低风险。通过将投资分散到各种资产类别，投资者可以缓冲波动对其投资组合的影响。总体回报不会达到任何单一投资的最高点，但也不会达到最低点。</blockquote></p><p> For investors who want to avoid some of the stress of downturns, diversification can help lower volatility.</p><p><blockquote>对于想要避免经济低迷压力的投资者来说，多元化有助于降低波动性。</blockquote></p><p> <img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a6b891f36b43c3ca3b7f9285cf8d0ca4\" tg-width=\"916\" tg-height=\"645\"></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p></p><p> <b>6. Fixed income can help bring balance</b></p><p><blockquote><b>6.固定收益有助于带来平衡</b></blockquote></p><p> Stocks are important building blocks of a diversified portfolio, but bonds can provide an essential counterbalance. That’s because bonds typically have low correlation to the stock market, meaning that they have tended to zig when the stock market zagged.</p><p><blockquote>股票是多元化投资组合的重要组成部分，但债券可以提供重要的平衡。这是因为债券通常与股市的相关性较低，这意味着当股市波动时，债券往往会波动。</blockquote></p><p> <img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/890a63f81150f3bfa535786be314ddea\" tg-width=\"916\" tg-height=\"537\"></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p> What’s more, bonds with a low equity correlation can potentially help soften the impact of stock market losses on your overall portfolio. Funds providing this diversification can help create durable portfolios, and investors should seek bond funds with strong track records of positive returns through a variety of markets.</p><p><blockquote>更重要的是，股票相关性较低的债券可能有助于减轻股市损失对您整体投资组合的影响。提供这种多元化的基金可以帮助创建持久的投资组合，投资者应该通过各种市场寻找具有良好正回报记录的债券基金。</blockquote></p><p> Though bonds may not be able to match the growth potential of stocks, they have often shown resilience in past equity declines. For example, U.S. core bonds were flat or positive in five of the last six corrections.</p><p><blockquote>尽管债券可能无法与股票的增长潜力相匹配，但它们在过去的股市下跌中往往表现出弹性。例如，美国核心债券在过去六次调整中有五次持平或上涨。</blockquote></p><p> <b>7. The market tends to reward long-term investors</b></p><p><blockquote><b>7.市场倾向于回报长期投资者</b></blockquote></p><p> Is it reasonable to expect 30% returns every year? Of course not. And if stocks have moved lower in recent weeks, you shouldn’t expect that to be the start of a long-term trend, either. Behavioral economics tells us recent events carry an outsized influence on our perceptions and decisions.</p><p><blockquote>期望每年30%的回报合理吗？当然不是。如果股市最近几周走低，你也不应该指望这是长期趋势的开始。行为经济学告诉我们，最近的事件对我们的感知和决策有着巨大的影响。</blockquote></p><p> It’s always important to maintain a long-term perspective, but especially when markets are declining. Although stocks rise and fall in the short term, they’ve tended to reward investors over longer periods of time. Even including downturns, the S&P 500’s average annual return over all 10-year periods from 1937 to 2019 was 10.47%.</p><p><blockquote>保持长期观点总是很重要，尤其是在市场下跌的时候。尽管股票在短期内上涨和下跌，但它们往往会在较长时间内回报投资者。即使包括低迷时期，标普500在1937年至2019年的所有10年期间的平均年回报率为10.47%。</blockquote></p><p> <img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9a43c92755d55227a882d674690c39c3\" tg-width=\"795\" tg-height=\"532\"></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p> It’s natural for emotions to bubble up during periods of volatility. Those investors who can tune out the news and focus on their long-term goals are better positioned to plot out a wise investment strategy.</p><p><blockquote>在波动时期，情绪高涨是很自然的。那些能够忽略新闻并专注于长期目标的投资者能够更好地制定明智的投资策略。</blockquote></p><p></p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> 来源：<a href=\"https://www.capitalgroup.com/advisor/insights/articles/handle-market-declines.html\">Capital Group</a></p>\n<p>为提升您的阅读体验，我们对本页面进行了排版优化</p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{".IXIC":"NASDAQ Composite",".SPX":"S&P 500 Index",".DJI":"道琼斯"},"source_url":"https://www.capitalgroup.com/advisor/insights/articles/handle-market-declines.html","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1132314005","content_text":"You wouldn’t be human if you didn’t fear loss.\nNobel Prize-winning psychologist Daniel Kahneman demonstrated this with his loss aversion theory, showing that people feel the pain of losing money more than they enjoy gains. The natural instinct is to flee the market when it starts to plummet, just as greed prompts people to jump back in when stocks are skyrocketing. Both can have negative impacts.\nBut smart investing can overcome the power of emotion by focusing on relevant research, solid data and proven strategies. Here are seven principles that can help fight the urge to make emotional decisions in times of market turmoil.\n1. Market declines are part of investing\nStocks have risen steadily for most of the last decade, but history tells us that stock market declines are an inevitable part of investing. The good news is that corrections (defined as a 10% or more decline), bear markets (an extended 20% or more decline) and other challenging patches haven’t lasted forever.\n\nThe Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Index has typically dipped at least 10% about once a year, and 20% or more about every six years, according to data from 1950 to 2019. While past results are not predictive of future results, each downturn has been followed by a recovery and a new market high.\n2. Time in the market matters, not market timing\nNo one can accurately predict short-term market moves, and investors who sit on the sidelines risk losing out on periods of meaningful price appreciation that follow downturns.\nEvery S&P 500 decline of 15% or more, from 1929 through 2019, has been followed by a recovery. The average return in the first year after each of these declines was 54%.\nEven missing out on just a few trading days can take a toll. A hypothetical investment of $1,000 in the S&P 500 made in 2010 would have grown to more than $2,800 by the end of 2019. But if an investor missed just the 10 best trading days during that period, he or she would have ended up with 33% less.\n\n3. Emotional investing can be hazardous\nKahneman won his Nobel Prize in 2002 for his work in behavioral economics, a field that investigates how individuals make financial decisions. A key finding of behavioral economists is that people often act irrationally when making such choices.\nEmotional reactions to market events are perfectly normal. Investors should expect to feel nervous when markets decline, but it’s the actions taken during such periods that can mean the difference between investment success and shortfall.\n\nOne way to encourage rational investment decision-making is to understand the fundamentals of behavioral economics. Recognizing behaviors like anchoring, confirmation bias and availability bias may help investors identify potential mistakes before they make them.\n4. Make a plan and stick to it\nCreating and adhering to a thoughtfully constructed investment plan is another way to avoid making short-sighted investment decisions — particularly when markets move lower. The plan should take into account a number of factors, including risk tolerance and short- and long-term goals.\nOne way to avoid futile attempts to time the market is with dollar cost averaging, where a fixed amount of money is invested at regular intervals, regardless of market ups and downs. This approach creates a strategy in which more shares are purchased at lower prices and fewer shares are purchased at higher prices. Over time investors pay less, on average, per share. Regular investing does not ensure a profit or protect against loss. Investors should consider their willingness to keep investing when share prices are declining.\n\nRetirement plans, to which investors make automatic contributions with every paycheck, are a prime example of dollar cost averaging.\n5. Diversification matters\nA diversified portfolio doesn’t guarantee profits or provide assurances that investments won’t decrease in value, but it does help lower risk. By spreading investments across a variety of asset classes, investors can buffer the effects of volatility on their portfolios. Overall returns won’t reach the highest highs of any single investment — but they won’t hit the lowest lows either.\nFor investors who want to avoid some of the stress of downturns, diversification can help lower volatility.\n\n6. Fixed income can help bring balance\nStocks are important building blocks of a diversified portfolio, but bonds can provide an essential counterbalance. That’s because bonds typically have low correlation to the stock market, meaning that they have tended to zig when the stock market zagged.\n\nWhat’s more, bonds with a low equity correlation can potentially help soften the impact of stock market losses on your overall portfolio. Funds providing this diversification can help create durable portfolios, and investors should seek bond funds with strong track records of positive returns through a variety of markets.\nThough bonds may not be able to match the growth potential of stocks, they have often shown resilience in past equity declines. For example, U.S. core bonds were flat or positive in five of the last six corrections.\n7. The market tends to reward long-term investors\nIs it reasonable to expect 30% returns every year? Of course not. And if stocks have moved lower in recent weeks, you shouldn’t expect that to be the start of a long-term trend, either. Behavioral economics tells us recent events carry an outsized influence on our perceptions and decisions.\nIt’s always important to maintain a long-term perspective, but especially when markets are declining. Although stocks rise and fall in the short term, they’ve tended to reward investors over longer periods of time. Even including downturns, the S&P 500’s average annual return over all 10-year periods from 1937 to 2019 was 10.47%.\n\nIt’s natural for emotions to bubble up during periods of volatility. Those investors who can tune out the news and focus on their long-term goals are better positioned to plot out a wise investment strategy.","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{".IXIC":0.9,".DJI":0.9,".SPX":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":573,"commentLimit":10,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"symbols":[],"verified":2,"subType":0,"readableState":1,"langContent":"CN","currentLanguage":"CN","warmUpFlag":false,"orderFlag":false,"shareable":true,"causeOfNotShareable":"","featuresForAnalytics":[],"commentAndTweetFlag":false,"andRepostAutoSelectedFlag":false,"upFlag":false,"length":24,"xxTargetLangEnum":"ZH_CN"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"isTiger":false,"isWeiXinMini":false,"url":"/m/post/329130724"}
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