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2021-08-06
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How 10 of the world’s smartest investors can help you build your perfect portfolio<blockquote>世界上10位最聪明的投资者如何帮助您建立完美的投资组合</blockquote>
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Six have Nobel Prizes in Economics: Harry Markowitz, the founder of Modern Portfolio Theory, the basis of the modern investment portfolio; his protégé William Sharpe, creator of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and the beta risk measure that changed how we think about risk and reward in the financial markets; Eugene Fama, who developed the Efficient Market Hypothesis; Myron Scholes and Robert Merton, two of the co-creators of the Black-Scholes/Merton option pricing model; and Robert Shiller, the behavioral economist whose work challenged the notion of market efficiency.</p><p><blockquote>我们向投资界最受尊敬的10位先驱提出了这个问题。六位获得诺贝尔经济学奖：哈里·马科维茨，现代投资组合理论的创始人，现代投资组合的基础；他的得意门生威廉·夏普（William Sharpe）是资本资产定价模型（CAPM）和贝塔风险衡量标准的创始人，改变了我们对金融市场风险和回报的看法；尤金·法玛，提出了有效市场假说；迈伦·斯科尔斯和罗伯特·默顿，布莱克-斯科尔斯/默顿期权定价模型的两位共同创始人；还有行为经济学家罗伯特·席勒，他的工作挑战了市场效率的概念。</blockquote></p><p> The other four are portfolio managers, investors and bestselling authors who have sold millions of investment books, including The Vanguard Group’s founder Jack Bogle; the “Bond Guru,” Marty Leibowitz; the “Wisest Man on Wall Street” and Greenwich Associates founder Charles Ellis; and the “Wizard of Wharton,” Jeremy Siegel.</p><p><blockquote>另外四位是投资组合经理、投资者和畅销书作家，他们已售出数百万本投资书籍，其中包括先锋集团创始人杰克·博格尔；“邦德大师”马蒂·莱博维茨；“华尔街最聪明的人”、格林威治联合创始人查尔斯·埃利斯；还有“沃顿商学院的巫师”杰里米·西格尔。</blockquote></p><p> It’s no surprise that there isn’t consensus among their suggestions, given their varied backgrounds and interests. The different viewpoints of these financial luminaries illustrate the complexity of portfolio management—one size clearly doesn’t fit all.</p><p><blockquote>鉴于他们不同的背景和兴趣，他们的建议没有达成共识也就不足为奇了。这些金融名人的不同观点说明了投资组合管理的复杂性——一种尺寸显然不能适合所有人。</blockquote></p><p> Think of the Perfect Portfolios of our experts as building blocks for your own Perfect Portfolio, collectively capable of accommodating the goals and constraints of all investors, if used in the right combination.</p><p><blockquote>将我们专家的完美投资组合视为您自己的完美投资组合的构建模块，如果以正确的组合使用，它们共同能够适应所有投资者的目标和限制。</blockquote></p><p> Markowitz suggests that first and foremost, you should diversify. Focus only on portfolios of securities, and in particular, those that have the highest level of expected returns for a given level of risk, Markowitz’s famous efficient frontier. The same concept applies across asset classes like bonds, real estate and commodities. The key for the investor is to find securities and asset classes with low correlations to each other, so that movements in one are not necessarily reflected in the others.</p><p><blockquote>马科维茨建议，首先也是最重要的，你应该多元化。只关注证券投资组合，特别是那些在给定风险水平下具有最高预期回报的证券，即马科维茨著名的有效前沿。同样的概念也适用于债券、房地产和大宗商品等资产类别。投资者的关键是找到彼此相关性较低的证券和资产类别，这样一种证券和资产类别的变动不一定反映在其他证券和资产类别中。</blockquote></p><p> Sharpe’s Perfect Portfolio is just what his famous Capital Asset Pricing Model suggests: investing in the market as a whole. Sharpe recommends a U.S. total stock market fund, a non-U.S. total stock market fund, a U.S. total bond market fund, and a non-U.S. total bond market fund.</p><p><blockquote>夏普的完美投资组合正是他著名的资本资产定价模型所暗示的：投资于整个市场。夏普推荐一只美国总股市基金、一只非美国总股市基金、一只美国总债市基金、一只非美国总债市基金。</blockquote></p><p> Fama and his collaborator Ken French created a model that starts with Sharpe’s CAPM and augments it with two other factors. One captures the difference in returns between value and growth stocks, while the other captures the difference between stocks in companies with small and large market capitalizations. Fama suggests tilting your diversified portfolio toward value stocks and small-cap stocks, both of which tend to do well over time.</p><p><blockquote>Fama和他的合作者Ken French创建了一个模型，从Sharpe的CAPM开始，并用另外两个因素对其进行了增强。一个捕捉价值型股票和成长型股票之间的回报差异，而另一个捕捉小市值和大市值公司股票之间的差异。Fama建议将您的多元化投资组合向价值股和小盘股倾斜，这两种股票随着时间的推移往往会表现良好。</blockquote></p><p> As the creator of the first index mutual fund, Bogle’s portfolio was all about stock and bond index funds, such as Vanguard’s ETF that tracks the S&P 500 index SPX, +0.60%. His mantra was to lower your costs through index funds and not take actions that might destroy value: “Don’t do something, just stand there!”</p><p><blockquote>作为第一只指数共同基金的创始人，Bogle的投资组合完全是股票和债券指数基金，例如Vanguard跟踪标普500指数SPX的ETF，+0.60%。他的口头禅是通过指数基金降低成本，不要采取可能破坏价值的行动：“什么都不要做，就站在那里！”</blockquote></p><p> For Scholes, the Perfect Portfolio is about risk management. Your investment success will depend most on avoiding the downside “tail risks,” rare but severe stock market downturns such as the financial crisis of 2007–2009 or the COVID-19 pandemic, while capitalizing on the positive “tail gains.”</p><p><blockquote>对于斯科尔斯来说，完美的投资组合就是风险管理。您的投资成功将主要取决于避免下行“尾部风险”，即罕见但严重的股市低迷，例如2007-2009年的金融危机或COVID-19大流行，同时利用积极的“尾部收益”。</blockquote></p><p> Pay attention to what the derivatives markets such as the VIX volatility index VIX, -1.39% are telling you. For example, when the VIX is at a level below its historical average, you may feel more comfortable investing a greater proportion of your assets in risky stocks.</p><p><blockquote>关注VIX波动率指数VIX,-1.39%等衍生品市场告诉你什么。例如，当VIX处于低于历史平均水平的水平时，您可能会更愿意将更大比例的资产投资于风险股票。</blockquote></p><p> For Merton, ultimately, the Perfect Portfolio should be your very own risk-free asset, like the inflation-protected government bond TIPS. For your retirement goal, ideally you would take your savings at retirement, and buy an annuity that would provide a lifetime income to meet your anticipated needs.</p><p><blockquote>对于默顿来说，最终，完美的投资组合应该是您自己的无风险资产，例如通胀保值政府债券TIPS。对于您的退休目标，理想情况下，您应该在退休时拿出您的积蓄，购买一份年金，提供终身收入以满足您的预期需求。</blockquote></p><p> Leibowitz’s Perfect Portfolio is about the amount of risk you can personally bear. Be prepared to try to make some tough judgment calls, and consider all of your circumstances, including potential life events, current taxes and estate taxes. In addition to equities, you should include bonds to reduce its overall volatility. Have a contingency plan to deal with serious adverse events.</p><p><blockquote>莱博维茨的完美投资组合是关于你个人可以承受的风险大小。评级，请准备好做出一些艰难的判断，并考虑您的所有情况，包括潜在的生活事件、当前税收和遗产税。除了股票，你还应该包括债券，以降低其整体波动性。有应对严重不良事件的应急计划。</blockquote></p><p> For Shiller, your Perfect Portfolio should be widely diversified, not only across major asset classes, but internationally as well. Place a heavier than typical weight in stocks around the world, where Shiller’s CAPE ratios—that is, cyclically adjusted price-to-earnings ratios—are relatively low.</p><p><blockquote>对于希勒来说，你的完美投资组合应该是广泛多元化的，不仅要跨越主要资产类别，还要跨越国际。对世界各地的股票给予比通常更重的权重，这些股票的席勒CAPE比率（即周期性调整后的市盈率）相对较低。</blockquote></p><p></p><p> For Ellis, one of the original advocates of passive investing, your Perfect Portfolio should of course include index funds, especially if you want to have a good chance of being in the top 20% of funds over the next 20 years. You should invest in bond index funds and low-cost international index funds, such as the MSCI EAFE (Europe, Australasia, and Far East) index. Pay attention to your taxes.</p><p><blockquote>对于被动投资的最初倡导者之一埃利斯来说，你的完美投资组合当然应该包括指数基金，尤其是如果你想在未来20年内有很好的机会进入前20%的基金。您应该投资债券指数基金和低成本的国际指数基金，例如MSCI EAFE（欧洲、澳大拉西亚和远东）指数。注意你的税收。</blockquote></p><p> And Siegel encourages you to have reasonable expectations in line with financial history, no surprise for the author of the bestselling “Stocks for the Long Run”. The longer your investment horizon, the greater proportion of your Perfect Portfolio should be in stocks. Consider developing-country stocks. For fixed-income investments, consider TIPS.</p><p><blockquote>西格尔鼓励你有符合金融历史的合理预期，这对于畅销书《长期股票》的作者来说并不奇怪。你的投资期限越长，你的完美投资组合中股票的比例就应该越大。以发展中国家的股票为例。对于固定收益投资，请考虑提示。</blockquote></p><p> Finally, as you build your Perfect Portfolio, reflect on your degree of risk aversion, your earning power, the magnitude of your current and future desired wealth, and the magnitude of your current and future financial needs. To assist you, we have created a four-question survey to help you discover where you fit in among 16 types of investors. It then points you toward your Perfect Portfolio and an action that may help you achieve it.</p><p><blockquote>最后，当你建立完美的投资组合时，反思你的风险规避程度、你的盈利能力、你当前和未来想要的财富的规模，以及你当前和未来的财务需求的规模。为了帮助您，我们创建了一个包含四个问题的调查，帮助您发现自己在16种类型的投资者中的位置。然后，它会给你指出你的完美投资组合和一个可能帮助你实现它的行动。</blockquote></p><p></p>","source":"lsy1603348471595","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>How 10 of the world’s smartest investors can help you build your perfect portfolio<blockquote>世界上10位最聪明的投资者如何帮助您建立完美的投资组合</blockquote></title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nHow 10 of the world’s smartest investors can help you build your perfect portfolio<blockquote>世界上10位最聪明的投资者如何帮助您建立完美的投资组合</blockquote>\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">MarketWatch</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-08-06 21:07</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p> <b>Listen to Jeremy Siegel, Charles Ellis, Jack Bogle, Robert Shiller and others.</b> Is there a Perfect Portfolio for investors?</p><p><blockquote><b>听听杰里米·西格尔、查尔斯·埃利斯、杰克·博格尔、罗伯特·席勒等人的意见。</b>投资者有完美的投资组合吗？</blockquote></p><p> We posed this question to 10 of the most respected pioneers in the investment community. Six have Nobel Prizes in Economics: Harry Markowitz, the founder of Modern Portfolio Theory, the basis of the modern investment portfolio; his protégé William Sharpe, creator of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and the beta risk measure that changed how we think about risk and reward in the financial markets; Eugene Fama, who developed the Efficient Market Hypothesis; Myron Scholes and Robert Merton, two of the co-creators of the Black-Scholes/Merton option pricing model; and Robert Shiller, the behavioral economist whose work challenged the notion of market efficiency.</p><p><blockquote>我们向投资界最受尊敬的10位先驱提出了这个问题。六位获得诺贝尔经济学奖：哈里·马科维茨，现代投资组合理论的创始人，现代投资组合的基础；他的得意门生威廉·夏普（William Sharpe）是资本资产定价模型（CAPM）和贝塔风险衡量标准的创始人，改变了我们对金融市场风险和回报的看法；尤金·法玛，提出了有效市场假说；迈伦·斯科尔斯和罗伯特·默顿，布莱克-斯科尔斯/默顿期权定价模型的两位共同创始人；还有行为经济学家罗伯特·席勒，他的工作挑战了市场效率的概念。</blockquote></p><p> The other four are portfolio managers, investors and bestselling authors who have sold millions of investment books, including The Vanguard Group’s founder Jack Bogle; the “Bond Guru,” Marty Leibowitz; the “Wisest Man on Wall Street” and Greenwich Associates founder Charles Ellis; and the “Wizard of Wharton,” Jeremy Siegel.</p><p><blockquote>另外四位是投资组合经理、投资者和畅销书作家，他们已售出数百万本投资书籍，其中包括先锋集团创始人杰克·博格尔；“邦德大师”马蒂·莱博维茨；“华尔街最聪明的人”、格林威治联合创始人查尔斯·埃利斯；还有“沃顿商学院的巫师”杰里米·西格尔。</blockquote></p><p> It’s no surprise that there isn’t consensus among their suggestions, given their varied backgrounds and interests. The different viewpoints of these financial luminaries illustrate the complexity of portfolio management—one size clearly doesn’t fit all.</p><p><blockquote>鉴于他们不同的背景和兴趣，他们的建议没有达成共识也就不足为奇了。这些金融名人的不同观点说明了投资组合管理的复杂性——一种尺寸显然不能适合所有人。</blockquote></p><p> Think of the Perfect Portfolios of our experts as building blocks for your own Perfect Portfolio, collectively capable of accommodating the goals and constraints of all investors, if used in the right combination.</p><p><blockquote>将我们专家的完美投资组合视为您自己的完美投资组合的构建模块，如果以正确的组合使用，它们共同能够适应所有投资者的目标和限制。</blockquote></p><p> Markowitz suggests that first and foremost, you should diversify. Focus only on portfolios of securities, and in particular, those that have the highest level of expected returns for a given level of risk, Markowitz’s famous efficient frontier. The same concept applies across asset classes like bonds, real estate and commodities. The key for the investor is to find securities and asset classes with low correlations to each other, so that movements in one are not necessarily reflected in the others.</p><p><blockquote>马科维茨建议，首先也是最重要的，你应该多元化。只关注证券投资组合，特别是那些在给定风险水平下具有最高预期回报的证券，即马科维茨著名的有效前沿。同样的概念也适用于债券、房地产和大宗商品等资产类别。投资者的关键是找到彼此相关性较低的证券和资产类别，这样一种证券和资产类别的变动不一定反映在其他证券和资产类别中。</blockquote></p><p> Sharpe’s Perfect Portfolio is just what his famous Capital Asset Pricing Model suggests: investing in the market as a whole. Sharpe recommends a U.S. total stock market fund, a non-U.S. total stock market fund, a U.S. total bond market fund, and a non-U.S. total bond market fund.</p><p><blockquote>夏普的完美投资组合正是他著名的资本资产定价模型所暗示的：投资于整个市场。夏普推荐一只美国总股市基金、一只非美国总股市基金、一只美国总债市基金、一只非美国总债市基金。</blockquote></p><p> Fama and his collaborator Ken French created a model that starts with Sharpe’s CAPM and augments it with two other factors. One captures the difference in returns between value and growth stocks, while the other captures the difference between stocks in companies with small and large market capitalizations. Fama suggests tilting your diversified portfolio toward value stocks and small-cap stocks, both of which tend to do well over time.</p><p><blockquote>Fama和他的合作者Ken French创建了一个模型，从Sharpe的CAPM开始，并用另外两个因素对其进行了增强。一个捕捉价值型股票和成长型股票之间的回报差异，而另一个捕捉小市值和大市值公司股票之间的差异。Fama建议将您的多元化投资组合向价值股和小盘股倾斜，这两种股票随着时间的推移往往会表现良好。</blockquote></p><p> As the creator of the first index mutual fund, Bogle’s portfolio was all about stock and bond index funds, such as Vanguard’s ETF that tracks the S&P 500 index SPX, +0.60%. His mantra was to lower your costs through index funds and not take actions that might destroy value: “Don’t do something, just stand there!”</p><p><blockquote>作为第一只指数共同基金的创始人，Bogle的投资组合完全是股票和债券指数基金，例如Vanguard跟踪标普500指数SPX的ETF，+0.60%。他的口头禅是通过指数基金降低成本，不要采取可能破坏价值的行动：“什么都不要做，就站在那里！”</blockquote></p><p> For Scholes, the Perfect Portfolio is about risk management. Your investment success will depend most on avoiding the downside “tail risks,” rare but severe stock market downturns such as the financial crisis of 2007–2009 or the COVID-19 pandemic, while capitalizing on the positive “tail gains.”</p><p><blockquote>对于斯科尔斯来说，完美的投资组合就是风险管理。您的投资成功将主要取决于避免下行“尾部风险”，即罕见但严重的股市低迷，例如2007-2009年的金融危机或COVID-19大流行，同时利用积极的“尾部收益”。</blockquote></p><p> Pay attention to what the derivatives markets such as the VIX volatility index VIX, -1.39% are telling you. For example, when the VIX is at a level below its historical average, you may feel more comfortable investing a greater proportion of your assets in risky stocks.</p><p><blockquote>关注VIX波动率指数VIX,-1.39%等衍生品市场告诉你什么。例如，当VIX处于低于历史平均水平的水平时，您可能会更愿意将更大比例的资产投资于风险股票。</blockquote></p><p> For Merton, ultimately, the Perfect Portfolio should be your very own risk-free asset, like the inflation-protected government bond TIPS. For your retirement goal, ideally you would take your savings at retirement, and buy an annuity that would provide a lifetime income to meet your anticipated needs.</p><p><blockquote>对于默顿来说，最终，完美的投资组合应该是您自己的无风险资产，例如通胀保值政府债券TIPS。对于您的退休目标，理想情况下，您应该在退休时拿出您的积蓄，购买一份年金，提供终身收入以满足您的预期需求。</blockquote></p><p> Leibowitz’s Perfect Portfolio is about the amount of risk you can personally bear. Be prepared to try to make some tough judgment calls, and consider all of your circumstances, including potential life events, current taxes and estate taxes. In addition to equities, you should include bonds to reduce its overall volatility. Have a contingency plan to deal with serious adverse events.</p><p><blockquote>莱博维茨的完美投资组合是关于你个人可以承受的风险大小。评级，请准备好做出一些艰难的判断，并考虑您的所有情况，包括潜在的生活事件、当前税收和遗产税。除了股票，你还应该包括债券，以降低其整体波动性。有应对严重不良事件的应急计划。</blockquote></p><p> For Shiller, your Perfect Portfolio should be widely diversified, not only across major asset classes, but internationally as well. Place a heavier than typical weight in stocks around the world, where Shiller’s CAPE ratios—that is, cyclically adjusted price-to-earnings ratios—are relatively low.</p><p><blockquote>对于希勒来说，你的完美投资组合应该是广泛多元化的，不仅要跨越主要资产类别，还要跨越国际。对世界各地的股票给予比通常更重的权重，这些股票的席勒CAPE比率（即周期性调整后的市盈率）相对较低。</blockquote></p><p></p><p> For Ellis, one of the original advocates of passive investing, your Perfect Portfolio should of course include index funds, especially if you want to have a good chance of being in the top 20% of funds over the next 20 years. You should invest in bond index funds and low-cost international index funds, such as the MSCI EAFE (Europe, Australasia, and Far East) index. Pay attention to your taxes.</p><p><blockquote>对于被动投资的最初倡导者之一埃利斯来说，你的完美投资组合当然应该包括指数基金，尤其是如果你想在未来20年内有很好的机会进入前20%的基金。您应该投资债券指数基金和低成本的国际指数基金，例如MSCI EAFE（欧洲、澳大拉西亚和远东）指数。注意你的税收。</blockquote></p><p> And Siegel encourages you to have reasonable expectations in line with financial history, no surprise for the author of the bestselling “Stocks for the Long Run”. The longer your investment horizon, the greater proportion of your Perfect Portfolio should be in stocks. Consider developing-country stocks. For fixed-income investments, consider TIPS.</p><p><blockquote>西格尔鼓励你有符合金融历史的合理预期，这对于畅销书《长期股票》的作者来说并不奇怪。你的投资期限越长，你的完美投资组合中股票的比例就应该越大。以发展中国家的股票为例。对于固定收益投资，请考虑提示。</blockquote></p><p> Finally, as you build your Perfect Portfolio, reflect on your degree of risk aversion, your earning power, the magnitude of your current and future desired wealth, and the magnitude of your current and future financial needs. To assist you, we have created a four-question survey to help you discover where you fit in among 16 types of investors. It then points you toward your Perfect Portfolio and an action that may help you achieve it.</p><p><blockquote>最后，当你建立完美的投资组合时，反思你的风险规避程度、你的盈利能力、你当前和未来想要的财富的规模，以及你当前和未来的财务需求的规模。为了帮助您，我们创建了一个包含四个问题的调查，帮助您发现自己在16种类型的投资者中的位置。然后，它会给你指出你的完美投资组合和一个可能帮助你实现它的行动。</blockquote></p><p></p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> 来源：<a href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-10-of-the-worlds-smartest-investors-can-help-you-build-your-perfect-portfolio-11628177690?siteid=yhoof2\">MarketWatch</a></p>\n<p>为提升您的阅读体验，我们对本页面进行了排版优化</p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{".DJI":"道琼斯","SPY":"标普500ETF",".IXIC":"NASDAQ Composite",".SPX":"S&P 500 Index"},"source_url":"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-10-of-the-worlds-smartest-investors-can-help-you-build-your-perfect-portfolio-11628177690?siteid=yhoof2","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1183941926","content_text":"Listen to Jeremy Siegel, Charles Ellis, Jack Bogle, Robert Shiller and others.\n\nIs there a Perfect Portfolio for investors?\nWe posed this question to 10 of the most respected pioneers in the investment community. Six have Nobel Prizes in Economics: Harry Markowitz, the founder of Modern Portfolio Theory, the basis of the modern investment portfolio; his protégé William Sharpe, creator of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and the beta risk measure that changed how we think about risk and reward in the financial markets; Eugene Fama, who developed the Efficient Market Hypothesis; Myron Scholes and Robert Merton, two of the co-creators of the Black-Scholes/Merton option pricing model; and Robert Shiller, the behavioral economist whose work challenged the notion of market efficiency.\nThe other four are portfolio managers, investors and bestselling authors who have sold millions of investment books, including The Vanguard Group’s founder Jack Bogle; the “Bond Guru,” Marty Leibowitz; the “Wisest Man on Wall Street” and Greenwich Associates founder Charles Ellis; and the “Wizard of Wharton,” Jeremy Siegel.\nIt’s no surprise that there isn’t consensus among their suggestions, given their varied backgrounds and interests. The different viewpoints of these financial luminaries illustrate the complexity of portfolio management—one size clearly doesn’t fit all.\nThink of the Perfect Portfolios of our experts as building blocks for your own Perfect Portfolio, collectively capable of accommodating the goals and constraints of all investors, if used in the right combination.\nMarkowitz suggests that first and foremost, you should diversify. Focus only on portfolios of securities, and in particular, those that have the highest level of expected returns for a given level of risk, Markowitz’s famous efficient frontier. The same concept applies across asset classes like bonds, real estate and commodities. The key for the investor is to find securities and asset classes with low correlations to each other, so that movements in one are not necessarily reflected in the others.\nSharpe’s Perfect Portfolio is just what his famous Capital Asset Pricing Model suggests: investing in the market as a whole. Sharpe recommends a U.S. total stock market fund, a non-U.S. total stock market fund, a U.S. total bond market fund, and a non-U.S. total bond market fund.\nFama and his collaborator Ken French created a model that starts with Sharpe’s CAPM and augments it with two other factors. One captures the difference in returns between value and growth stocks, while the other captures the difference between stocks in companies with small and large market capitalizations. Fama suggests tilting your diversified portfolio toward value stocks and small-cap stocks, both of which tend to do well over time.\nAs the creator of the first index mutual fund, Bogle’s portfolio was all about stock and bond index funds, such as Vanguard’s ETF that tracks the S&P 500 index SPX, +0.60%. His mantra was to lower your costs through index funds and not take actions that might destroy value: “Don’t do something, just stand there!”\nFor Scholes, the Perfect Portfolio is about risk management. Your investment success will depend most on avoiding the downside “tail risks,” rare but severe stock market downturns such as the financial crisis of 2007–2009 or the COVID-19 pandemic, while capitalizing on the positive “tail gains.”\nPay attention to what the derivatives markets such as the VIX volatility index VIX, -1.39% are telling you. For example, when the VIX is at a level below its historical average, you may feel more comfortable investing a greater proportion of your assets in risky stocks.\nFor Merton, ultimately, the Perfect Portfolio should be your very own risk-free asset, like the inflation-protected government bond TIPS. For your retirement goal, ideally you would take your savings at retirement, and buy an annuity that would provide a lifetime income to meet your anticipated needs.\nLeibowitz’s Perfect Portfolio is about the amount of risk you can personally bear. Be prepared to try to make some tough judgment calls, and consider all of your circumstances, including potential life events, current taxes and estate taxes. In addition to equities, you should include bonds to reduce its overall volatility. Have a contingency plan to deal with serious adverse events.\nFor Shiller, your Perfect Portfolio should be widely diversified, not only across major asset classes, but internationally as well. Place a heavier than typical weight in stocks around the world, where Shiller’s CAPE ratios—that is, cyclically adjusted price-to-earnings ratios—are relatively low.\nFor Ellis, one of the original advocates of passive investing, your Perfect Portfolio should of course include index funds, especially if you want to have a good chance of being in the top 20% of funds over the next 20 years. You should invest in bond index funds and low-cost international index funds, such as the MSCI EAFE (Europe, Australasia, and Far East) index. Pay attention to your taxes.\nAnd Siegel encourages you to have reasonable expectations in line with financial history, no surprise for the author of the bestselling “Stocks for the Long Run”. The longer your investment horizon, the greater proportion of your Perfect Portfolio should be in stocks. Consider developing-country stocks. For fixed-income investments, consider TIPS.\nFinally, as you build your Perfect Portfolio, reflect on your degree of risk aversion, your earning power, the magnitude of your current and future desired wealth, and the magnitude of your current and future financial needs. To assist you, we have created a four-question survey to help you discover where you fit in among 16 types of investors. It then points you toward your Perfect Portfolio and an action that may help you achieve it.","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{".IXIC":0.9,"SPY":0.9,".DJI":0.9,".SPX":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2112,"commentLimit":10,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"symbols":[],"verified":2,"subType":0,"readableState":1,"langContent":"EN","currentLanguage":"EN","warmUpFlag":false,"orderFlag":false,"shareable":true,"causeOfNotShareable":"","featuresForAnalytics":[],"commentAndTweetFlag":false,"andRepostAutoSelectedFlag":false,"upFlag":false,"length":7,"xxTargetLangEnum":"ORIG"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"isTiger":false,"isWeiXinMini":false,"url":"/m/post/893869771"}
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