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2021-06-16

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Crypto Die-Hards Built a $90 Billion Wall Street on the Internet<blockquote>加密货币顽固分子在互联网上打造了价值 900 亿美元的华尔街</blockquote>

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Or he can pocket the annual equivalent of a 20% yield for locking money up in one of the wilder corners of the crypto market, known as decentralized finance, or DeFi.<blockquote>基金经理弗拉基米尔·维什涅夫斯基（Vladimir Vishnevskiy）持有欧洲政府债券可以赚取负利率。或者，他可以通过将资金锁定在加密货币市场更荒凉的角落之一（称为去中心化金融或 DeFi），获得相当于 20% 的年收益率。</blockquote> He decided to go for the 20%. “You can’t get those yields in the traditional space,” says the co-founder of Swiss-based St. Gotthard Fund Management, which runs a portfolio designed to squeeze income out of crypto assets. The strategy is so new that even Wall Street pros may have trouble wrapping their heads around it. Take what you might know about Bitcoin—that it’s a digital currency that exists only on an online ledger governed by computer code. Now make it even more mind-bending, and imagine the code isn’t just recording transactions. It’s running lending platforms, insurers and financial markets with little human intermediation. That’sDeFi.<blockquote>他决定拿那20%。“总部位于瑞士的圣哥达基金管理公司（St. Gotthard Fund Management）的联合创始人说：”你无法在传统领域获得这样的收益率。这一策略如此新颖，以至于即使是华尔街的专业人士也可能难以理解。就拿你可能知道的比特币来说--它是一种数字货币，只存在于由计算机代码管理的在线账本上。现在，让它变得更加令人费解，想象一下代码不仅仅是记录交易。它运营贷款平台、保险公司和金融市场，几乎没有人工中介。那就是sDeFi。</blockquote> Traders like Vishnevskiy can collect yields by committing in the form of crypto tokens the capital that’s needed to make these disembodied and largely unregulated financial institutions run. At the peak last month, investors put in as much as $86 billion into various DeFi programs, compared with just under $1 billion a year ago, DeFi Pulse data show.<blockquote>像维什涅夫斯基这样的交易员可以通过以加密代币的形式承诺这些无形且基本上不受监管的金融机构运转所需的资金来收取收益。DeFi Pulse 数据显示，在上个月的高峰期，投资者向各种 DeFi 项目投入了多达 860 亿美元，而一年前这一数字略低于 10 亿美元。</blockquote> It’s a young, volatile, and hack-prone system. (One of the first decentralized projects, a fund called the DAO, was the victim of aspectacular $55 million theftby someone taking advantage of a flaw in its code to siphon off funds.) And for now, it’s mostly a crypto world built for thecrypto universe. The decentralized lenders are largely taking crypto deposits to make loans to people looking for leverage on crypto bets; the decentralized exchanges are used for trading crypto coins; the decentralized insurers cover crypto hacks.<blockquote>这是一个年轻、不稳定、容易被黑客攻击的系统。(最早的去中心化项目之一是一个名为 DAO 的基金，它成为了 5500 万美元被盗的受害者，有人利用其代码中的漏洞抽走了资金）。目前，它主要是一个为加密世界打造的加密世界。去中心化的贷方在很大程度上接受加密存款，向寻求加密赌注杠杆的人发放贷款；分散的交易所用于交易加密硬币；去中心化的保险公司负责加密黑客。</blockquote> The big yields investors can earn are denominated not in dollars or euros but in often-obscure tokens. Critics of DeFi say some projects can resemble a Ponzi scheme: Early investors depend on others piling into tokens that still have limited real-world utility. If returns are high, it’s largely because of investors’ voracious appetite for more digital assets. And since DeFi projects don’t need to live in any physical location, they’re difficult to regulate, making the space vulnerable to scams and money laundering schemes. Still, DeFi’s advocates think the technology has the power to open up markets and build new kinds of financial products.<blockquote>投资者可以获得的巨额收益不是以美元或欧元计价，而是以通常晦涩难懂的代币计价。DeFi 的批评者表示，一些项目可能类似于庞氏骗局：早期投资者依赖其他人堆积代币，而这些代币在现实世界中仍然具有有限的效用。如果说回报率很高，很大程度上是因为投资者对更多数字资产的贪婪胃口。由于 DeFi 项目不需要位于任何物理地点，因此很难对其进行监管，这使得该领域很容易受到诈骗和洗钱计划的影响。尽管如此，DeFi 的倡导者认为这项技术有能力开拓市场，打造新型金融产品。</blockquote> To see how a DeFi program works, look atSushiSwap, a decentralized cryptocurrency exchange that started last year. It’s based on the code of another DeFi exchange calledUniswap. Like any exchange—from better-known crypto trading apps such asCoinbaseto stock markets likeNasdaq—SushiSwap depends on liquidity, or the ability to make sure buyers can find the tokens they want and sellers can get a price they think is fair. To do that in a decentralized way, SushiSwap creates liquidity pools that pair any two coins that traders might want to swap—for example, Ethereum, thesecond-most-popular cryptocurrencyand DeFi’s backbone, and the exchange’s own token, Sushi.<blockquote>要了解 DeFi 程序是如何运作的，请查看 atSushiSwap，这是一家去年启动的去中心化加密货币交易所。它基于另一个名为 Duniswap 的 DeFi 交易所的代码。与任何交易所一样——从 Coinbase 等更知名的加密货币交易应用程序到纳斯达克等股票市场——SushiSwap 依赖于流动性，或者确保买家能够找到他们想要的代币并且卖家能够获得他们认为公平的价格的能力。为了以去中心化的方式做到这一点，SushiSwap 创建了流动性池，将交易者可能想要交换的两种硬币配对--例如，第二大最受欢迎的加密货币和 DeFi 的支柱以太币，以及交易所自己的代币 Sushi。</blockquote> Investors like Vishnevskiy buy both tokens and then temporarily lock them into the pool, where they’re available to traders. An algorithm adjusts prices of both tokens to reflect relative changes in demand. The exchange also charges a fee for trading. When Vishnevskiy gets his tokens back, he also gets a portion of the fees generated from transactions made in the pool, as well as free additional Sushi tokens. (The added Sushi tokens can be earned on other trading pairs, not only those involving Sushi.) That, the exchange’s software surmises, amounts to an annualized 20% yield.<blockquote>像维什涅夫斯基这样的投资者会购买这两种代币，然后将它们暂时锁定在资金池中，供交易者使用。一种算法调整两种代币的价格，以反映需求的相对变化。交易所还收取交易费用。当Vishnevskiy拿回他的代币时，他还可以获得池中交易产生的一部分费用，以及免费的额外寿司代币。(新增的寿司代币可以在其他交易对上赚取，而不仅仅是涉及寿司的交易对）。</blockquote> Other DeFi protocols may pay yields to people who make their crypto available for someone else to borrow. For example, traders might want to borrowstablecoins—tokens whose value is linked to that of a traditional currency such as the dollar—to buy more Bitcoin on platforms that don’t take traditional currencies.<blockquote>其他 DeFi 协议可能会向那些将加密货币提供给其他人借用的人支付收益。例如，交易者可能希望借用稳定币--其价值与美元等传统货币挂钩的代币--在不接受传统货币的平台上购买更多比特币。</blockquote> If that sounds complicated, it is. Yields in DeFi are mostly projected from recent market trends and could drop quickly. Some investors who call themselves yield farmers are constantly moving their money trying to generate income, but crypto transaction costs called “gas” fees can eat up profits. Moreover, the cryptocurrencies these yields get paid in can fluctuate wildly in value. When Bitcoin slid as much as 10% on one recent day, popular DeFi coins such as Uniswap’s fell almost 20%.<blockquote>如果这听起来很复杂，的确如此。DeFi的收益率主要是根据最近的市场趋势预测的，可能会迅速下降。一些本身就是看涨期权农民的投资者不断转移资金试图创收，但被称为 “汽油费 ”的加密货币交易成本会蚕食利润。此外，支付这些收益率的加密货币的价值可能会大幅波动。最近一天，比特币下跌了 10%，而 Uniswap 等热门 DeFi 币则下跌了近 20%。</blockquote> Other risks that come with any cryptocurrency still apply:Regulatory scrutinywill probably grow, which might shut down or hamper some projects and blow up the value of associated tokens. Founders of DeFi projects who’ve hoarded the coins created to run them could suddenly cash out, causing prices to drop. SushiSwap’s pseudonymous creator, Chef Nomi, sold tokens worth roughly $13 million in September before reversing course amid community outrage.<blockquote>任何加密货币带来的其他风险仍然适用：监管审查可能会增加，这可能会关闭或阻碍一些项目，并推高相关代币的价值。DeFi 项目的创始人囤积了为运行这些项目而创造的硬币，他们可能会突然套现，导致价格下跌。SushiSwap 的化名创始人、厨师 Nomi 在 9 月份出售了价值约 1300 万美元的代币，但在社区的愤怒中改变了方向。</blockquote> “You can’t get those yields in the traditional space”<blockquote>“在传统领域，你无法获得这些收益”</blockquote> The history of crypto is filled with cautionary tales about investments riding a wave of hype and then falling apart. Around 2018, so-called initial coin offerings raised billions of dollars for projects, most of which turned out to be duds. DeFi converts say the difference now is that applications such as exchanges and lenders are generating revenue, even if just from crypto speculation. Uniswap, which announces its user statistics in real time, had trading volume of $813 million in one recent 24-hour period, generating $1.8 million in fees for those staking their tokens in its liquidity pool.<blockquote>加密货币的历史充满了关于投资乘着炒作浪潮然后分崩离析的警示故事。2018年左右，所谓的首次硬币发行为项目筹集了数十亿美元，其中大部分被证明是哑弹。DeFi converts表示，现在的不同之处在于，交易所和贷方等应用程序正在产生收入，即使只是来自加密货币投机。Uniswap 实时公布其用户统计数据，在最近 24 小时内的交易量为 8.13 亿美元，为那些在其流动性池中押注代币的人产生了 180 万美元的费用。</blockquote> What about the value of the tokens many DeFi projects give out? These coins aren’t exactly equity and don’t always confer any direct claim to profits. Often they give holders voting rights on the future of the project; investors may be hoping that as the protocols they’re associated with grow in popularity, so will the coins. But some DeFi platforms might not be as successful as they seem. Aleksander Kloda, who co-manages a DeFi fund at Nickel Digital Asset Management, says participation may be driven less by the value of a service than by the promise of free tokens. “In the short term, they can really make the picture a lot more difficult to read,” he says. “The logic is not quite correct if the volumes are only there because of the additional motivation the protocol gives you to participate.” As an investor, he tries to identify projects that have built up sustainable volume even without tantalizing yields.<blockquote>很多DeFi项目发放的代币价值呢？这些硬币并不完全是股权，也不总是能直接获得利润。他们通常赋予持有者对项目未来的投票权；投资者可能希望，随着与之相关的协议越来越受欢迎，硬币也会越来越受欢迎。但一些DeFi平台可能并不像看起来那么成功。Nickel Digital Asset Management 共同管理 DeFi 基金的亚历山大·克洛达 (Aleksander Kloda) 表示，参与的动力可能与其说是服务的价值，不如说是免费代币的承诺。“他说：”从短期来看，它们真的会让画面变得更加难以阅读。“如果音量的存在仅仅是因为协议给了你额外的参与动机，那么这种逻辑就不太正确”。作为一名投资者，他试图确定即使没有诱人的回报也能建立可持续交易量的项目。</blockquote> Advocates of DeFi say the idea is still in its infancy, and it could eventually broaden its uses and reach into more traditional areas of finance. Their dream is a financial system run on the internet that doesn’t involve a credit officer at a JPMorgan branch, or a Citadel Securities investing in high-frequency infrastructure tokeep stock trading liquid.<blockquote>DeFi 的支持者表示，这一想法仍处于起步阶段，最终可能会扩大其用途，并扩展到更传统的金融领域。他们的梦想是建立一个在互联网上运行的金融系统，不涉及摩根大通分行的信贷员，也不涉及投资高频基础设施以保持股票交易流动性的城堡证券。</blockquote> But Elaine Ou, a blockchain engineer at Global Financial Access, argues there’s nothing wrong with DeFi being used only for crypto trading, either. “Look at Vegas and Macau—part of the reason they’re so valuable is that they allow you to do what other jurisdictions have banned,” says Ou, who alsowritesfor Bloomberg Opinion. “It is possible to build an entire industry up around speculation.”<blockquote>但 Global Financial Access 的区块链工程师 Elaine Ou 认为，DeFi 仅用于加密货币交易也没有错。“看看拉斯维加斯和澳门--它们之所以如此有价值，部分原因在于它们允许你做其他司法管辖区禁止的事情，”也是彭博观点的撰稿人的欧说。“围绕投机建立一个完整的产业是可能的”。</blockquote>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Crypto Die-Hards Built a $90 Billion Wall Street on the Internet<blockquote>加密货币顽固分子在互联网上打造了价值 900 亿美元的华尔街</blockquote></title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCrypto Die-Hards Built a $90 Billion Wall Street on the Internet<blockquote>加密货币顽固分子在互联网上打造了价值 900 亿美元的华尔街</blockquote>\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n.bloomberg2021-06-16 19:49\n\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\nMoney manager Vladimir Vishnevskiy can earn anegative interest ratefor holding a European government bond. Or he can pocket the annual equivalent of a 20% yield for locking money up in one of the wilder corners of the crypto market, known as decentralized finance, or DeFi.<blockquote>基金经理弗拉基米尔·维什涅夫斯基（Vladimir Vishnevskiy）持有欧洲政府债券可以赚取负利率。或者，他可以通过将资金锁定在加密货币市场更荒凉的角落之一（称为去中心化金融或 DeFi），获得相当于 20% 的年收益率。</blockquote> He decided to go for the 20%. “You can’t get those yields in the traditional space,” says the co-founder of Swiss-based St. Gotthard Fund Management, which runs a portfolio designed to squeeze income out of crypto assets. The strategy is so new that even Wall Street pros may have trouble wrapping their heads around it. Take what you might know about Bitcoin—that it’s a digital currency that exists only on an online ledger governed by computer code. Now make it even more mind-bending, and imagine the code isn’t just recording transactions. It’s running lending platforms, insurers and financial markets with little human intermediation. That’sDeFi.<blockquote>他决定拿那20%。“总部位于瑞士的圣哥达基金管理公司（St. Gotthard Fund Management）的联合创始人说：”你无法在传统领域获得这样的收益率。这一策略如此新颖，以至于即使是华尔街的专业人士也可能难以理解。就拿你可能知道的比特币来说--它是一种数字货币，只存在于由计算机代码管理的在线账本上。现在，让它变得更加令人费解，想象一下代码不仅仅是记录交易。它运营贷款平台、保险公司和金融市场，几乎没有人工中介。那就是sDeFi。</blockquote> Traders like Vishnevskiy can collect yields by committing in the form of crypto tokens the capital that’s needed to make these disembodied and largely unregulated financial institutions run. At the peak last month, investors put in as much as $86 billion into various DeFi programs, compared with just under $1 billion a year ago, DeFi Pulse data show.<blockquote>像维什涅夫斯基这样的交易员可以通过以加密代币的形式承诺这些无形且基本上不受监管的金融机构运转所需的资金来收取收益。DeFi Pulse 数据显示，在上个月的高峰期，投资者向各种 DeFi 项目投入了多达 860 亿美元，而一年前这一数字略低于 10 亿美元。</blockquote> It’s a young, volatile, and hack-prone system. (One of the first decentralized projects, a fund called the DAO, was the victim of aspectacular $55 million theftby someone taking advantage of a flaw in its code to siphon off funds.) And for now, it’s mostly a crypto world built for thecrypto universe. The decentralized lenders are largely taking crypto deposits to make loans to people looking for leverage on crypto bets; the decentralized exchanges are used for trading crypto coins; the decentralized insurers cover crypto hacks.<blockquote>这是一个年轻、不稳定、容易被黑客攻击的系统。(最早的去中心化项目之一是一个名为 DAO 的基金，它成为了 5500 万美元被盗的受害者，有人利用其代码中的漏洞抽走了资金）。目前，它主要是一个为加密世界打造的加密世界。去中心化的贷方在很大程度上接受加密存款，向寻求加密赌注杠杆的人发放贷款；分散的交易所用于交易加密硬币；去中心化的保险公司负责加密黑客。</blockquote> The big yields investors can earn are denominated not in dollars or euros but in often-obscure tokens. Critics of DeFi say some projects can resemble a Ponzi scheme: Early investors depend on others piling into tokens that still have limited real-world utility. If returns are high, it’s largely because of investors’ voracious appetite for more digital assets. And since DeFi projects don’t need to live in any physical location, they’re difficult to regulate, making the space vulnerable to scams and money laundering schemes. Still, DeFi’s advocates think the technology has the power to open up markets and build new kinds of financial products.<blockquote>投资者可以获得的巨额收益不是以美元或欧元计价，而是以通常晦涩难懂的代币计价。DeFi 的批评者表示，一些项目可能类似于庞氏骗局：早期投资者依赖其他人堆积代币，而这些代币在现实世界中仍然具有有限的效用。如果说回报率很高，很大程度上是因为投资者对更多数字资产的贪婪胃口。由于 DeFi 项目不需要位于任何物理地点，因此很难对其进行监管，这使得该领域很容易受到诈骗和洗钱计划的影响。尽管如此，DeFi 的倡导者认为这项技术有能力开拓市场，打造新型金融产品。</blockquote> To see how a DeFi program works, look atSushiSwap, a decentralized cryptocurrency exchange that started last year. It’s based on the code of another DeFi exchange calledUniswap. Like any exchange—from better-known crypto trading apps such asCoinbaseto stock markets likeNasdaq—SushiSwap depends on liquidity, or the ability to make sure buyers can find the tokens they want and sellers can get a price they think is fair. To do that in a decentralized way, SushiSwap creates liquidity pools that pair any two coins that traders might want to swap—for example, Ethereum, thesecond-most-popular cryptocurrencyand DeFi’s backbone, and the exchange’s own token, Sushi.<blockquote>要了解 DeFi 程序是如何运作的，请查看 atSushiSwap，这是一家去年启动的去中心化加密货币交易所。它基于另一个名为 Duniswap 的 DeFi 交易所的代码。与任何交易所一样——从 Coinbase 等更知名的加密货币交易应用程序到纳斯达克等股票市场——SushiSwap 依赖于流动性，或者确保买家能够找到他们想要的代币并且卖家能够获得他们认为公平的价格的能力。为了以去中心化的方式做到这一点，SushiSwap 创建了流动性池，将交易者可能想要交换的两种硬币配对--例如，第二大最受欢迎的加密货币和 DeFi 的支柱以太币，以及交易所自己的代币 Sushi。</blockquote> Investors like Vishnevskiy buy both tokens and then temporarily lock them into the pool, where they’re available to traders. An algorithm adjusts prices of both tokens to reflect relative changes in demand. The exchange also charges a fee for trading. When Vishnevskiy gets his tokens back, he also gets a portion of the fees generated from transactions made in the pool, as well as free additional Sushi tokens. (The added Sushi tokens can be earned on other trading pairs, not only those involving Sushi.) That, the exchange’s software surmises, amounts to an annualized 20% yield.<blockquote>像维什涅夫斯基这样的投资者会购买这两种代币，然后将它们暂时锁定在资金池中，供交易者使用。一种算法调整两种代币的价格，以反映需求的相对变化。交易所还收取交易费用。当Vishnevskiy拿回他的代币时，他还可以获得池中交易产生的一部分费用，以及免费的额外寿司代币。(新增的寿司代币可以在其他交易对上赚取，而不仅仅是涉及寿司的交易对）。</blockquote> Other DeFi protocols may pay yields to people who make their crypto available for someone else to borrow. For example, traders might want to borrowstablecoins—tokens whose value is linked to that of a traditional currency such as the dollar—to buy more Bitcoin on platforms that don’t take traditional currencies.<blockquote>其他 DeFi 协议可能会向那些将加密货币提供给其他人借用的人支付收益。例如，交易者可能希望借用稳定币--其价值与美元等传统货币挂钩的代币--在不接受传统货币的平台上购买更多比特币。</blockquote> If that sounds complicated, it is. Yields in DeFi are mostly projected from recent market trends and could drop quickly. Some investors who call themselves yield farmers are constantly moving their money trying to generate income, but crypto transaction costs called “gas” fees can eat up profits. Moreover, the cryptocurrencies these yields get paid in can fluctuate wildly in value. When Bitcoin slid as much as 10% on one recent day, popular DeFi coins such as Uniswap’s fell almost 20%.<blockquote>如果这听起来很复杂，的确如此。DeFi的收益率主要是根据最近的市场趋势预测的，可能会迅速下降。一些本身就是看涨期权农民的投资者不断转移资金试图创收，但被称为 “汽油费 ”的加密货币交易成本会蚕食利润。此外，支付这些收益率的加密货币的价值可能会大幅波动。最近一天，比特币下跌了 10%，而 Uniswap 等热门 DeFi 币则下跌了近 20%。</blockquote> Other risks that come with any cryptocurrency still apply:Regulatory scrutinywill probably grow, which might shut down or hamper some projects and blow up the value of associated tokens. Founders of DeFi projects who’ve hoarded the coins created to run them could suddenly cash out, causing prices to drop. SushiSwap’s pseudonymous creator, Chef Nomi, sold tokens worth roughly $13 million in September before reversing course amid community outrage.<blockquote>任何加密货币带来的其他风险仍然适用：监管审查可能会增加，这可能会关闭或阻碍一些项目，并推高相关代币的价值。DeFi 项目的创始人囤积了为运行这些项目而创造的硬币，他们可能会突然套现，导致价格下跌。SushiSwap 的化名创始人、厨师 Nomi 在 9 月份出售了价值约 1300 万美元的代币，但在社区的愤怒中改变了方向。</blockquote> “You can’t get those yields in the traditional space”<blockquote>“在传统领域，你无法获得这些收益”</blockquote> The history of crypto is filled with cautionary tales about investments riding a wave of hype and then falling apart. Around 2018, so-called initial coin offerings raised billions of dollars for projects, most of which turned out to be duds. DeFi converts say the difference now is that applications such as exchanges and lenders are generating revenue, even if just from crypto speculation. Uniswap, which announces its user statistics in real time, had trading volume of $813 million in one recent 24-hour period, generating $1.8 million in fees for those staking their tokens in its liquidity pool.<blockquote>加密货币的历史充满了关于投资乘着炒作浪潮然后分崩离析的警示故事。2018年左右，所谓的首次硬币发行为项目筹集了数十亿美元，其中大部分被证明是哑弹。DeFi converts表示，现在的不同之处在于，交易所和贷方等应用程序正在产生收入，即使只是来自加密货币投机。Uniswap 实时公布其用户统计数据，在最近 24 小时内的交易量为 8.13 亿美元，为那些在其流动性池中押注代币的人产生了 180 万美元的费用。</blockquote> What about the value of the tokens many DeFi projects give out? These coins aren’t exactly equity and don’t always confer any direct claim to profits. Often they give holders voting rights on the future of the project; investors may be hoping that as the protocols they’re associated with grow in popularity, so will the coins. But some DeFi platforms might not be as successful as they seem. Aleksander Kloda, who co-manages a DeFi fund at Nickel Digital Asset Management, says participation may be driven less by the value of a service than by the promise of free tokens. “In the short term, they can really make the picture a lot more difficult to read,” he says. “The logic is not quite correct if the volumes are only there because of the additional motivation the protocol gives you to participate.” As an investor, he tries to identify projects that have built up sustainable volume even without tantalizing yields.<blockquote>很多DeFi项目发放的代币价值呢？这些硬币并不完全是股权，也不总是能直接获得利润。他们通常赋予持有者对项目未来的投票权；投资者可能希望，随着与之相关的协议越来越受欢迎，硬币也会越来越受欢迎。但一些DeFi平台可能并不像看起来那么成功。Nickel Digital Asset Management 共同管理 DeFi 基金的亚历山大·克洛达 (Aleksander Kloda) 表示，参与的动力可能与其说是服务的价值，不如说是免费代币的承诺。“他说：”从短期来看，它们真的会让画面变得更加难以阅读。“如果音量的存在仅仅是因为协议给了你额外的参与动机，那么这种逻辑就不太正确”。作为一名投资者，他试图确定即使没有诱人的回报也能建立可持续交易量的项目。</blockquote> Advocates of DeFi say the idea is still in its infancy, and it could eventually broaden its uses and reach into more traditional areas of finance. Their dream is a financial system run on the internet that doesn’t involve a credit officer at a JPMorgan branch, or a Citadel Securities investing in high-frequency infrastructure tokeep stock trading liquid.<blockquote>DeFi 的支持者表示，这一想法仍处于起步阶段，最终可能会扩大其用途，并扩展到更传统的金融领域。他们的梦想是建立一个在互联网上运行的金融系统，不涉及摩根大通分行的信贷员，也不涉及投资高频基础设施以保持股票交易流动性的城堡证券。</blockquote> But Elaine Ou, a blockchain engineer at Global Financial Access, argues there’s nothing wrong with DeFi being used only for crypto trading, either. “Look at Vegas and Macau—part of the reason they’re so valuable is that they allow you to do what other jurisdictions have banned,” says Ou, who alsowritesfor Bloomberg Opinion. “It is possible to build an entire industry up around speculation.”<blockquote>但 Global Financial Access 的区块链工程师 Elaine Ou 认为，DeFi 仅用于加密货币交易也没有错。“看看拉斯维加斯和澳门--它们之所以如此有价值，部分原因在于它们允许你做其他司法管辖区禁止的事情，”也是彭博观点的撰稿人的欧说。“围绕投机建立一个完整的产业是可能的”。</blockquote>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n 来源：<a href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-06-16/defi-platforms-with-names-like-sushiswap-aim-to-be-nasdaq-for-crypto\">.bloomberg</a>\n为提升您的阅读体验，我们对本页面进行了排版优化\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"GBTC":"比特币ETF-Grayscale"},"source_url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-06-16/defi-platforms-with-names-like-sushiswap-aim-to-be-nasdaq-for-crypto","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1160929405","content_text":"Money manager Vladimir Vishnevskiy can earn anegative interest ratefor holding a European government bond. Or he can pocket the annual equivalent of a 20% yield for locking money up in one of the wilder corners of the crypto market, known as decentralized finance, or DeFi.\nHe decided to go for the 20%. “You can’t get those yields in the traditional space,” says the co-founder of Swiss-based St. Gotthard Fund Management, which runs a portfolio designed to squeeze income out of crypto assets. The strategy is so new that even Wall Street pros may have trouble wrapping their heads around it. Take what you might know about Bitcoin—that it’s a digital currency that exists only on an online ledger governed by computer code. Now make it even more mind-bending, and imagine the code isn’t just recording transactions. It’s running lending platforms, insurers and financial markets with little human intermediation. That’sDeFi.\nTraders like Vishnevskiy can collect yields by committing in the form of crypto tokens the capital that’s needed to make these disembodied and largely unregulated financial institutions run. At the peak last month, investors put in as much as $86 billion into various DeFi programs, compared with just under $1 billion a year ago, DeFi Pulse data show.\nIt’s a young, volatile, and hack-prone system. (One of the first decentralized projects, a fund called the DAO, was the victim of aspectacular $55 million theftby someone taking advantage of a flaw in its code to siphon off funds.) And for now, it’s mostly a crypto world built for thecrypto universe. The decentralized lenders are largely taking crypto deposits to make loans to people looking for leverage on crypto bets; the decentralized exchanges are used for trading crypto coins; the decentralized insurers cover crypto hacks.\nThe big yields investors can earn are denominated not in dollars or euros but in often-obscure tokens. Critics of DeFi say some projects can resemble a Ponzi scheme: Early investors depend on others piling into tokens that still have limited real-world utility. If returns are high, it’s largely because of investors’ voracious appetite for more digital assets. And since DeFi projects don’t need to live in any physical location, they’re difficult to regulate, making the space vulnerable to scams and money laundering schemes. Still, DeFi’s advocates think the technology has the power to open up markets and build new kinds of financial products.\nTo see how a DeFi program works, look atSushiSwap, a decentralized cryptocurrency exchange that started last year. It’s based on the code of another DeFi exchange calledUniswap. Like any exchange—from better-known crypto trading apps such asCoinbaseto stock markets likeNasdaq—SushiSwap depends on liquidity, or the ability to make sure buyers can find the tokens they want and sellers can get a price they think is fair. To do that in a decentralized way, SushiSwap creates liquidity pools that pair any two coins that traders might want to swap—for example, Ethereum, thesecond-most-popular cryptocurrencyand DeFi’s backbone, and the exchange’s own token, Sushi.\nInvestors like Vishnevskiy buy both tokens and then temporarily lock them into the pool, where they’re available to traders. An algorithm adjusts prices of both tokens to reflect relative changes in demand. The exchange also charges a fee for trading. When Vishnevskiy gets his tokens back, he also gets a portion of the fees generated from transactions made in the pool, as well as free additional Sushi tokens. (The added Sushi tokens can be earned on other trading pairs, not only those involving Sushi.) That, the exchange’s software surmises, amounts to an annualized 20% yield.\nOther DeFi protocols may pay yields to people who make their crypto available for someone else to borrow. For example, traders might want to borrowstablecoins—tokens whose value is linked to that of a traditional currency such as the dollar—to buy more Bitcoin on platforms that don’t take traditional currencies.\nIf that sounds complicated, it is. Yields in DeFi are mostly projected from recent market trends and could drop quickly. Some investors who call themselves yield farmers are constantly moving their money trying to generate income, but crypto transaction costs called “gas” fees can eat up profits. Moreover, the cryptocurrencies these yields get paid in can fluctuate wildly in value. When Bitcoin slid as much as 10% on one recent day, popular DeFi coins such as Uniswap’s fell almost 20%.\nOther risks that come with any cryptocurrency still apply:Regulatory scrutinywill probably grow, which might shut down or hamper some projects and blow up the value of associated tokens. Founders of DeFi projects who’ve hoarded the coins created to run them could suddenly cash out, causing prices to drop. SushiSwap’s pseudonymous creator, Chef Nomi, sold tokens worth roughly $13 million in September before reversing course amid community outrage.\n“You can’t get those yields in the traditional space”\nThe history of crypto is filled with cautionary tales about investments riding a wave of hype and then falling apart. Around 2018, so-called initial coin offerings raised billions of dollars for projects, most of which turned out to be duds. DeFi converts say the difference now is that applications such as exchanges and lenders are generating revenue, even if just from crypto speculation. Uniswap, which announces its user statistics in real time, had trading volume of $813 million in one recent 24-hour period, generating $1.8 million in fees for those staking their tokens in its liquidity pool.\nWhat about the value of the tokens many DeFi projects give out? These coins aren’t exactly equity and don’t always confer any direct claim to profits. Often they give holders voting rights on the future of the project; investors may be hoping that as the protocols they’re associated with grow in popularity, so will the coins. But some DeFi platforms might not be as successful as they seem. Aleksander Kloda, who co-manages a DeFi fund at Nickel Digital Asset Management, says participation may be driven less by the value of a service than by the promise of free tokens. “In the short term, they can really make the picture a lot more difficult to read,” he says. “The logic is not quite correct if the volumes are only there because of the additional motivation the protocol gives you to participate.” As an investor, he tries to identify projects that have built up sustainable volume even without tantalizing yields.\nAdvocates of DeFi say the idea is still in its infancy, and it could eventually broaden its uses and reach into more traditional areas of finance. Their dream is a financial system run on the internet that doesn’t involve a credit officer at a JPMorgan branch, or a Citadel Securities investing in high-frequency infrastructure tokeep stock trading liquid.\nBut Elaine Ou, a blockchain engineer at Global Financial Access, argues there’s nothing wrong with DeFi being used only for crypto trading, either. “Look at Vegas and Macau—part of the reason they’re so valuable is that they allow you to do what other jurisdictions have banned,” says Ou, who alsowritesfor Bloomberg Opinion. “It is possible to build an entire industry up around speculation.”","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"GBTC":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2526,"commentLimit":10,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"symbols":[],"verified":2,"subType":0,"readableState":1,"langContent":"EN","currentLanguage":"EN","warmUpFlag":false,"orderFlag":false,"shareable":true,"causeOfNotShareable":"","featuresForAnalytics":[],"commentAndTweetFlag":false,"andRepostAutoSelectedFlag":false,"upFlag":false,"length":2,"subscribersOnly":false,"subscribersOnlyAccessible":false,"xxTargetLangEnum":"ORIG"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"isTiger":false,"isWeiXinMini":false,"url":"/m/post/169550314"}