2026进博会 | 零部件本土化率达98% 特斯拉与中国市场协同加深

中国经营报11-08 18:14

没有方向盘和踏板的汽车、人形机器人搬运行李和遛狗、拆开展示的Model Y车身及关键零部件……11月5日，第九届中国国际进口博览会（以下简称“进博会”）在上海开幕，特斯拉展台上的几件展品吸引了不少观众驻足。其中，特斯拉赛博无人驾驶电动车（Cybercab）成为展台上的关注焦点。与传统汽车不同，这款专为无人驾驶设计的车型取消了方向盘和踏板，车内空间围绕乘客重新设计。与其一同亮相的还有特斯拉人形机器人...

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特斯拉展台夏治斌/摄影　　《中国经营报》记者采访了解到，本届进博会，特斯拉以“富足非凡的世界，今日可见”为主题，将辅助驾驶、人形机器人、车辆产品与智能制造集中呈现。其中，美国Robotaxi车队的运营进展、人形机器人的训练与应用，以及上海超级工厂的中国供应链合作，构成了此次参展的几个重点。　　无人车与人形机器人加快落地　　走近展台上的特斯拉赛博无人驾驶电动车，最直观的变化是方向盘和踏板的消失。两个座位面向前方，车内空间围绕乘客重新设计。　　这款专为无人驾驶打造的产品，已经开始承担实际出行任务。今年9月3日，特斯拉赛博无人驾驶电动车在美国得州奥斯汀加入Robotaxi车队，向公众提供乘车服务。根据特斯拉提供的数据，投入运营30天内，服务车辆超过300辆，运营规模扩大至原来的10倍。　　截至2026年10月18日，特斯拉Robotaxi车队在车内无安全员的情况下累计行驶约500万公里，覆盖夜间、雨天和早晚高峰等交通环境。特斯拉披露的数据显示，车队自身安全气囊弹出次数为零，在Robotaxi首先接触的碰撞中，人员受伤以及行人或骑行者被撞的记录均为零。　　记者了解到，目前，特斯拉网约车服务已覆盖美国得州、佛州和加州7个城市或地区。其中，得州与佛州6个城市开展车内无安全员运营，旧金山湾区服务则配有安全驾驶员。Robotaxi车队目前由Model Y与特斯拉赛博无人驾驶电动车组成。　　无人驾驶之外，特斯拉还在探索更多出行场景。展台上的Robovan造型精品墙，展示了其面向多人集体出行与货物运输的产品设计。目前，Robotaxi车队以Model Y和赛博无人驾驶电动车为主。本届进博会现场，特斯拉还展示了搬运行李、遛狗、带娃以及工厂分拣、组装电池等不同场景的人形机器人模型。　　从能够完成预设动作到适应复杂环境，人形机器人仍需要持续训练。特斯拉正在建设“人形机器人学院”（Optimus Academy），通过人类数据进行基础训练，再让机器人在仿真和现实环境中反复练习，通过任务执行积累数据、改进能力。　　特斯拉的训练算力基础设施，也同时支持车辆与人形机器人的自主软件开发。在机器人硬件方面，特斯拉仍在持续解决具体工程问题。特斯拉首席执行官埃隆·马斯克在第三季度财报电话会上谈及，人形机器人当前机电设计的主要难点集中在手部，尤其是手指。手指既需要足够柔软，能够抓取易损物品，又需要经受反复操作带来的磨损，同时保护内部传感器。针对这些问题，特斯拉正在持续优化手部与手指设计，并计划通过SI5芯片升级机器人本地智能，提升任务处理能力。　　与中国供应链走向协同研发　　除了前沿技术，本届进博会特斯拉展台还展示了新近上市的Model Y高性能版，以及首次拆开展示的Model Y爆炸件。　　Model Y高性能版在外观和配置上呈现出运动化特点。前包围、碳纤维尾翼、21英寸蛛网轮毂及红色制动卡钳，构成了这款车型的外观配置。与整车展示相呼应，Model Y爆炸件则将车身、电池系统及关键零部件拆开展示，让观众能够进一步了解整车内部结构。　　特斯拉提供的资料显示，量产车型上市前，需要经过等效40万公里极限路试，验证车辆在高温、极寒、腐蚀、振动、坏路和涉水等工况下的表现。验证范围不仅涉及整车，也延伸至电池、电机、芯片、电路板、焊点和涂层等系统与零部件。　　特斯拉提供的长期使用数据显示，Model 3和Model Y行驶约32万公里后，电池平均容量仍保持约80%。作为特斯拉重要的全球生产基地，上海超级工厂约73万平方米的总建筑面积中，车间面积占比约93.3%。生产环节中，不同工艺紧密衔接，物料配送与产线作业相互配合。在制造工艺方面，一体化压铸将原本需要多个零件连接的结构进行整合，减少零部件和连接环节，降低制造与装配的复杂度。与此同时，工厂还会随机抽取新白车身进行不可逆拆解，检查焊点、涂胶与连接质量，以检验生产工艺是否符合要求。　　目前，上海超级工厂保持30多秒下线一辆车的生产节拍。2026年9月，工厂交付超过9.5万辆，其中国内销量约6.5万辆，两项数据均创年内新高。工厂工业废弃物利用率保持94%以上，并已获得国家级“绿色工厂”认定。　　上海超级工厂零部件本土化率已经达到98%。特斯拉与中国供应商的合作，也体现在具体车型的开发过程中。　　Model Y L的座椅就是一个案例。围绕中国用户对扶手、腿托等舒适性体验的需求，特斯拉与中国供应商共同开发相关设计。这款首先在中国市场推出的车型，随后陆续进入日本、韩国、澳大利亚等亚太市场，并于今年7月在美国市场推出。　　记者了解到，目前特斯拉在中国签约的本土一级供应商超过400家，其中60余家进入其全球供应链体系。在共同开发、工艺改进与生产管理协作中，一批中国供应商持续提升研发与制造能力，并将合作中积累的技术和经验用于服务更多整车企业。（文章来源：中国经营报）","kind":"news","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":false,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"0","news_tag":"corporation","news_rank":0,"isVideo":false,"video":null,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":1,"need_auth":false,"need_login_tip":false,"code":"91000000","status":"200"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false},"APP":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; 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