共用供应链提供训练场从造车到造“人” 车企竞逐第二增长曲线

经济参考报09-03 05:29

今年以来，人形机器人赛道持续升温，车企也在进一步加大布局力度。从特斯拉Optimus的持续迭代，到小鹏IRON完成首轮超9亿美元融资，再到广汽、奇瑞、比亚迪、理想等头部车企相继披露人形机器人进展，车企跨界“造人”已从个别企业的前瞻探索，演变为整个行业的战略浪潮。专家表示，车企具备可共用的供应链体系、可供实战演练的工厂等优势要素，意在借助人形机器人探索“第二增长曲线”。　　车企加快落子具身智能赛道　...

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Mini已在7个代表性项目中部署近50台，并已取得近千万元订单。　　蔚来CEO李斌近日在智驾全员会上宣布，智能驾驶负责人任少卿已创立一家聚焦物理AI基础模型和具身智能的独立公司，蔚来将作为战略股东进行投资，并围绕具身智能、算法模型、智能硬件、新能源与算力基础设施等方向与新公司开展合作。任少卿将继续担任蔚来智能驾驶业务负责人。　　零跑汽车也在2026年中期业绩电话会上正式确认了机器人业务布局。零跑汽车副总裁李腾飞表示：“新能源汽车企业尤其是具备全域自研能力的企业，是最具条件做机器人的企业之一。”　　跨界融合具备多重优势　　业内人士普遍认为，车企集体涌入人形机器人赛道并非盲目的跨界扩张，而是建立在供应链高度协同、技术路径同构以及自有场景可供实战演练的基础之上。　　从供应链角度看，麦肯锡全球资深董事合伙人管鸣宇表示，人形机器人相当一部分核心技术与智能汽车重合。“电机、执行器、功率电子、永磁体、精密轴承等零部件，与电动汽车的价值链高度重合。”　　张贵兵给出了更具体的数字：“我们认为，它大概有70%的地方是可以协同的，特别是在供应链的复用上。”　　这种供应链的重合带来了显著的成本优势。“当前，人形机器人的生产成本仍然较高，制约了赛道的进一步扩大。而车企本身就是依靠大规模制造、质量控制体系生存，在成本控制方面，这是它们的看家本领。”管鸣宇说。　　在技术层面，智能驾驶与机器人感知、决策、执行的闭环高度同构。中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院汽车行业特聘研究员鹿文亮将此概括为“技术外溢”现象。“智能驾驶使用的端到端大模型，其底层技术与机器人是相通的。底层技术从智能驾驶向机器人扩展，其底层逻辑是一样的。”　　“车企造‘人’，本质上是把汽车产业的成熟能力，系统性地迁移到机器人赛道。在技术方面，把智能座舱的语音交互、自动驾驶的感知和决策能力用于机器人，对应机器人的交互能力、‘大脑’和‘小脑’，实现软硬件一体化融合。在制造方面，依托车企成熟的规模化制造体系和品质管控能力，让机器人具备量产和稳定交付的基础。”张贵兵说。　　此外，车企手中最独特的筹码，是自家的工厂与门店构成了机器人的天然“训练场”。管鸣宇指出，车企既可以作为制造商，也可以作为首个大客户在自己身上先用起来，这对于数据校准和产品迭代意义重大。　　中国汽车工业协会专务副秘书长许海东表示，人形机器人的量产需要谐波减速器、力矩传感器、灵巧手等精密部件降至可接受的成本。造车新势力的订单和确定性需求，正成为上游产业链加速成熟的核心牵引力。　　仍需经历漫长爬坡期　　车企争相布局人形机器人，背后有着清晰的战略考量。　　“首先是寻求‘第二增长曲线’。”管鸣宇指出，汽车主业的利润率已跌至低位，而全球汽车年产量长期徘徊在8000万至9000万辆，增长空间相对有限。当一个赛道的利润受挤压、增长又看不到明显空间时，资本市场自然不会给出高估值。车企亟须开拓新的业务增长点与利润来源，人形机器人为此提供了重要可能性。　　何小鹏在财报会上算了一笔账：高阶通用机器人的技术门槛极高，优质供给相当稀缺，因此每一台IRON在全生命周期的收入和毛利贡献，包含硬件销售和软件AI模型能力升级带来的持续性收入，将会大幅高于当前汽车业务的单车均价和毛利。　　“我希望人形机器人规模量产后，在国内和海外的商业化能快速落地，为我们带来可观的毛利增长，并且支持物理AI的研发投入，持续扩大技术领先优势。”何小鹏说。　　张贵兵也表示，随着无人驾驶和Robotaxi的出现，车辆使用成本大幅降低，未来消费者可能更倾向于使用共享出行而非购车，汽车市场面临缩减的可能。也许最后能生存下来的汽车企业都会去做机器人。　　不过，也有专家指出，从“进厂实习”到大规模量产，人形机器人的规模落地仍需时间。　　张贵兵认为，机器人进入汽车工厂，第一阶段更多的可能会应用在物流领域，因为场景更容易匹配。向整车装配领域发展，可能还需要5年甚至10年时间。　　鹿文亮指出，当前，行业普遍处于从本体运动能力向智能化大脑升级的过渡阶段。市面上大多数展示还停留在遥控阶段，真正的具身智能仍需在感知、决策、执行的闭环上实现质的突破。　　专家表示，车企跨界人形机器人既是一场由供应链协同、技术复用和场景自洽支撑的战略延伸，也是一场需要穿越漫长爬坡期的耐力长跑。行业变革的终局，还有待时间检验。（文章来源：经济参考报）","kind":"news","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":false,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"0","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"isVideo":false,"video":null,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":1,"need_auth":false,"need_login_tip":false,"code":"91000000","status":"200"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false},"APP":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 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共用供应链 提供训练场从造车到造“人” 车企竞逐第二增长曲线

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共用供应链提供训练场从造车到造“人” 车企竞逐第二增长曲线