全球汽车供应链大洗牌：宁德时代跃居第三，美日韩零部件企业集体承压

每日经济新闻07-03 18:31

全球汽车供应链的区域力量分布，正经历多年来最显著的一次洗牌。　　7月2日发布的《全球汽车供应链企业竞争力分析报告（2026）》（以下简称《分析报告》）显示，在“2026全球汽车供应链百强”名单中，欧洲汽车零部件企业依旧牢牢占据全球百强区域营收规模首位，上榜企业回升至36家，合计营收占比达38.9%；中国零部件企业增至20家，全球营收占比从14%攀升至17.2%，超过美国，成为全球汽车供应链百强区域...

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　　图片来源：企业供图　　盖斯特管理咨询公司总裁何伟认为，一众中国供应商集体向上突围，标志着本土供应链已经跳出规模扩张阶段，全球产业站位实现了实质性跃升。“中国供应链企业正摆脱对本土市场规模和传统配套优势的路径依赖，转向依托电动化、智能化和海外布局，以争夺更核心的竞争位置，从‘配套者’向‘共创者’的角色递进。”何伟说。　　与中国供应商上行形成鲜明对比的是，美日韩的汽车供应商正集体承压。在“2026全球汽车供应链百强”名单中，日系企业虽仍握有20个席位，营收占比却从20.3%滑落至18.9%，领先优势大幅收窄；美国企业降至13家，占比由15.8%跌至12.2%，在主要区域中降幅最大；韩国企业缩减至7家，整体经营依旧承压。　　何伟认为，日本受困于传统系统供应商在电动化、智能化浪潮中的转型迟缓，美国受累于北美整车需求波动与客户结构过度集中，韩国则被动力电池价格下行和日趋激烈的全球竞争双重挤压。三个传统汽车工业强国的同步“失速”，折射出的是旧有竞争秩序在新产业逻辑面前的整体性被动。　　当前，动力电池、汽车电子、线控底盘、车载软件正成为汽车零部件行业增长的核心增量来源。其中，新能源板块是支撑整个汽车供应链增长的压舱石。数据显示，中国供应链百强企业2025年新能源板块营收增速达26.9%，板块整体利润率提升至13.9%，在7大细分板块中领跑。头部电池企业依托规模化生产、全球建厂和材料一体化布局持续扩大优势，宁德时代跻身全球前三，国轩高科、中创新航等国内电池企业或首次跻身全球百强，或位次稳步攀升。与之相对的是，日韩动力电池企业在营收和排名上普遍承压。　　“这标志着动力电池行业竞争已脱离单纯产能扩张的浅层比拼，全面进入综合实力角逐的新阶段。”何伟说。　　与新能源的规模效应不同，智能化赛道正以更高的技术密度孕育新生力量。比如汽车电子板块的研发投入强度达6.8%，在全部细分领域中处于领先地位。在“2026全球汽车供应链百强”名单中，立讯精密首度登榜便位列全球第66位，德赛西威名次稳步攀升；安波福、法雷奥等国际头部厂商，也依托车载智能相关业务稳固自身基本盘。　　《分析报告》预判，当下汽车供应链竞争已不是零部件供货能力的比拼，能否切入整车新一代电子电气架构、掌握核心车载系统自主开发权限，直接决定企业的长期增长空间。　　“如今，智能座舱、域控制器、车载显示及软硬件一体化研发能力，正在从企业差异化竞争的加分项，转变为立足行业的必备核心技能。”何伟认为，过去，供应商的角色由一级、二级、三级层级清晰界定，系统集成、模块供应、零件加工各司其职，边界分明。如今，这套金字塔式的分工体系正在松动。随着软硬解耦加快、平台化开发深入和AI能力嵌入，供应商不再只是按照整车厂给定的规格完成交付，能提供“芯片+计算平台+基础软件+核心算法”全栈方案的科技企业，正以前所未有的姿态进入产业链核心圈层；而仅仅按图纸加工交付的传统部件供应商，即便规模可观，也面临在价值分配中被持续边缘化的风险。（文章来源：每日经济新闻）","kind":"news","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":false,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"-1","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"isVideo":false,"video":null,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":1,"need_auth":false,"need_login_tip":false,"code":"91000000","status":"200"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false},"APP":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 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