史上最大IPO！SpaceX招股书公布：一季度亏43亿美元，马斯克掌握绝对控制权

澎湃新闻13:44

专题：SpaceX招股书深夜炸场：目标估值1.75万亿美元，马斯克一人持股超6350亿 SpaceX公布了史上规模最大的IPO计划。当地时间5月20日，世界首富埃隆·马斯克的太空探索技术公司（SpaceX）公开向美国证券交易委员会（SEC）递交了长达280页的招股书。SpaceX将在纳斯达克上市，股票代码为SPCX。路演将于6月4日启动，6月11日定价，6月12日上市。招股书披露，...

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SpaceX Prospectus Announced: Loss of $4.3 billion in the first quarter, Musk has absolute control","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8d25ab7bc5789052b02589615cc82f4d","symbols_score_info":{"CRSH":0.6,"TSLZ":0.6,"TEST":0.6,"07766":0.6,"TSLA":1.65,"TSLL":0.6,"TSLG":0.6,"TSLR":0.6,"TSYY":0.6,"TSL":0.6,"TESL":0.6,"UFO":0.6,"TLA":0.6,"TSDD":0.6,"TSLT":0.6,"TSLO":0.6,"TSLP":0.6,"09366":0.6,"07366":0.6,"09766":0.6,"TSLS":0.6,"TSLQ":0.6,"TSII":0.6,"TSLY":0.6,"TSLW":0.6,"TSLI":0.6},"content_text":"专题：SpaceX招股书深夜炸场：目标估值1.75万亿美元，马斯克一人持股超6350亿\n\nSpaceX公布了史上规模最大的IPO计划。\n当地时间5月20日，世界首富埃隆·马斯克的太空探索技术公司（SpaceX）公开向美国证券交易委员会（SEC）递交了长达280页的招股书。SpaceX将在纳斯达克上市，股票代码为SPCX。路演将于6月4日启动，6月11日定价，6月12日上市。\n招股书披露，SpaceX仍旧处于巨大的投入期。2023年至2025年，SpaceX分别实现营收103.87亿美元、140.15亿美元、186.74亿美元，同期经营利润分别为-35.05亿美元、4.66亿美元、-25.89亿美元，净利润分别为-46.28亿美元、7.91亿美元、-49.37亿美元。\n2026年前三个月，该公司实现营收46.94亿美元，同比增长15.4%；同期经营亏损19.43亿美元，净亏损42.76亿美元，亏损额几乎等于去年全年水平。\n\n在招股书中，SpaceX在公司业务划分为三大板块：太空板块Space、网络连接板块Connectivity和AI板块。在2025年，公司Connectivity板块（以星链Starlink项目为主）为公司营收贡献了114亿美元，是唯一赚钱的业务板块，其EBITDA利润率高达63%，用户数突破1030万。\n此外，Space板块（火箭发射业务）贡献了约41亿美元的收入，利润率39%。而公司在今年2月收购的xAI成为了最大的不确定性，2025年全年经营亏损63.6亿美元，占公司整体亏损的绝大部分；2026年第一季度资本支出77亿美元，年化消耗超过300亿美元。\n而SpaceX的资产负债表显示，该公司拥有价值1020亿美元的资产，但同时也背负着605亿美元的债务。\n火箭业务成本高昂，但建设大规模人工智能基础设施同样耗资巨大。SpaceX去年支出207亿美元，其中大部分（127亿美元）用于人工智能；此外，SpaceX在星链卫星互联网项目上投入了42亿美元，并在其他太空项目（包括火箭）上投入了38亿美元。\n这一资本支出几乎是SpaceX在2024年（112亿美元）的两倍，更是远远超过了其在 2023年支出的44亿美元。\n今年前三个月，SpaceX已花费101亿美元，其中77亿美元用于人工智能。\n而在招股书中，SpaceX充满信心地写道：“我们已经锁定了人类历史上最大的可服务市场（TAM）。”公司解释道，该市场由26.5万亿美元的AI部分、1.6万亿的网络连接部分和3700亿美元的传统太空领域部分组成。\n据外媒此前报道，此次IPO预计募资规模750亿美元，对应公司估值区间为1.75万亿至2万亿美元。资本市场预计这将成为华尔街历史上规模最大的IPO。此前的纪录保持者为2019年上市的沙特阿美（沙特阿拉伯国家石油公司），当时融资额为294亿美元。\nSpaceX递交的文件还进一步揭示了马斯克近期达成的一笔备受关注的交易，即向人工智能实验Anthropic租赁其数据中心空间和计算资源。\n文件显示，Anthropic每月将向SpaceX支付12.5亿美元，直至2029年5月。这项合同从2026年5月开始执行，前两个月因产能爬坡有折扣，三年总价值超过150亿美元。不过，该合同中任意一方可提前90天取消。\nSpaceX在招股书中特别写道：“我们预计将签订更多类似的服务合同。”这意味着，SpaceX不满足于当一家火箭公司，同时也在成为AI算力的“军火商”。\n此外，当地时间5月6日，马斯克宣布旗下的人工智能企业xAI解散并整体并入SpaceX，成为SpaceX旗下的一款AI产品，名为SpaceXAI。Colossus 1超算集群全部算力将独家租赁给Anthropic，用于Claude系列模型推理服务。SpaceXAI的训练任务则已经迁移到第二代超算集群Colossus 2上。\n值得一提的是，此次IPO可能使马斯克这位世界首富的财富累计更上一层楼，成为真正的“万亿富翁（trillionaire）”：SpaceX上市可能会使他的净资产总额超过1万亿美元。在最新的彭博亿万富豪榜上，马斯克的身家为6760亿美元。\n招股书披露，在IPO前，马斯克持有12.3%的普通股和93.6%的B类股（每股B类股拥有10票），加起来，马斯克控制着公司85.1%的投票权。市场分析认为，这基本可以保证他在IPO后仍拥有多数投票权。\n\n\n海量资讯、精准解读，尽在新浪财经APP\n\n责任编辑：江钰涵","kind":"news","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"0","news_tag":"shareholding","news_rank":0,"isVideo":false,"video":null,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":1,"need_auth":false,"need_login_tip":false,"code":"91000000","status":"200"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false},"APP":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)","isDev":false,"isTTM":false,"tenantId":"TBCN","deviceId":"web-server-community-laohu8-v3","version":"4.42.2","shortVersion":"4.42.2","platform":"web","vendor":"web","appName":"laohu8","isIOS":false,"isAndroid":false,"isTiger":false,"isTHS":false,"isWeiXin":false,"isWeiXinMini":false,"isWeiBo":false,"isQQ":false,"isBaiduSwan":false,"isBaiduBox":false,"isDingTalk":false,"isToutiao":false,"isOnePlus":false,"isHuaWei":false,"isXiaomi":false,"isXiaomiWebView":false,"isOppo":false,"isVivo":false,"isSamsung":false,"isMobile":false},"href":"/m/news/2637048328","isCrawlerRequest":true}