透视年报 | 工行建行去年个贷余额均超9万亿，信用卡业务缩水

新京报04-01

截至3月底，已有超半数上市银行披露2025年业绩情况。工商银行、农业银行、中国银行、建设银行、交通银行及邮储银行，六大行均实现营收净利“双增”，合计净赚约1.42万亿元。从贷款结构来看，多家上市银行房贷、消费贷呈现“此消彼长”态势，个贷规模扩大的同时不良率也随之攀升。3月27日，建设银行副行长李建江在业绩会上表示，从当前运行态势来看，零售领域风险防控仍会是工作的重点之一。工行副行长王景武也表示，...

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信用卡业务缩水在扩内需、促消费政策导向下，多家上市银行2025年个贷结构“此消彼长”：消费贷、经营贷上行，房贷与信用卡业务则相对走弱。四大行中，工商银行和建设银行个贷余额均超9万亿元。工商银行个人贷款比上年末增加449.16亿元，增长0.5%。其中，个人消费贷款增加778.19亿元，增长18.5%，个人经营性贷款增加2522.38亿元，增长15.0%。建设银行境内个人贷款和垫款9.05万亿元，较上年增加1779.02亿元，增幅2.01%。其中，个人消费贷款6831.74亿元，较上年增加1552.79亿元，增幅29.41%；个人经营贷款1.32万亿元，较上年增加2939.12亿元，增幅28.77%。建设银行境内个人贷款和垫款9.05万亿元。财报截图相较之下，建设银行个人住房贷款、信用卡贷款均出现不同程度减少——个人住房贷款5.99万亿元，较上年减少1965.30亿元，降幅3.18%；信用卡贷款1.01万亿元，较上年减少567.83亿元，降幅5.33%。截至2025年12月底，农业银行个人贷款较上年末增加4484.64亿元，增长5.1%。其中，个人消费类贷款（含信用卡透支）较上年末增加1196.43亿元，增长9.0%，个人经营类贷款较上年末增加4969.38亿元，增长19.9%。农业银行称，主要是由于该行支持消费品“以旧换新”工程，稳妥有序推进消费贷款财政贴息工作，持续加大消费信贷投放力度；落实小微企业融资协调机制，积极响应小微企业主、个体工商户以及广大农户等客群融资需求。中国银行2025年境内个人消费贷款也增长28%。与四大行呈现房贷与消费贷“此消彼长”不同，股份行也有例外。2025年末，平安银行个人贷款余额17272.94亿元，较上年末下降2.3%。其中，消费性贷款余额同比减少2.5%，住房按揭贷款余额同比增长8.9%。另外，多家头部上市银行信用卡业务余额有不同程度缩水。其中，工商银行、邮储银行、兴业银行信用卡业务降幅均超过10%，平安银行信用卡业务规模也下降了6.79%。个贷不良贷款率增长 建行称将重点防控零售领域风险个贷规模增长的同时，个贷不良率也在同步增长。2025年末，工商银行个人不良贷款1423.37亿元，增加395.10亿元，不良贷款率1.58%，上升0.43个百分点。其中，个人住房贷款的不良贷款率从0.73%上升至1.06%，个人消费贷款的不良贷款率从2.39%上升至2.58%。工商银行2025年个人贷款不良贷款率上升0.43个百分点。财报截图建设银行个人贷款和垫款不良贷款率从上年的0.98%上升至1.19%，交通银行个人贷款不良贷款率从上年的1.08%上升至1.58%。股份行中，招商银行零售贷款不良贷款率微增0.1%，兴业银行个贷不良率微增0.03%。针对风险管理问题，3月27日，建设银行副行长李建江在业绩会上回应称，面对近年来零售领域出现的风险上升局面，该行大力优化零售业务信用风险管理机制，强化信贷流程关键环节风险制衡，推进实施零售信贷集约化风控，2025年多重风险管控措施见到成效，个人类贷款不良率上升幅度同比收窄。李建江表示，“从当前运行态势来看，零售领域风险防控仍会是工作的重点之一。”工商银行副行长王景武也表示，工行个人贷款资产质量一直较优，但近两年在经济转型增长、房地产市场调整、阶段性供需欠平衡等多重因素影响下，不良率短期进入上升通道，与全行业趋势基本一致。“我国经济基础稳、韧性强、潜能大，长期向好的支撑条件和基本趋势都没有改变，未来个人贷款风险可控。”王景武称，随着一揽子政策加快落地，以及政策红利持续释放，个人信贷市场基础将逐步改善，个人贷款资产质量也将回归合理水平。王景武表示，为应对市场变化，工行前期已经在内部架构和职能上进行了相应调整，成立了个人信贷业务部，实现个贷业务集约化、专业化，经营水平进一步提升。同时，强化数智赋能，丰富个人消费经营领域产品创新供给，统筹平衡发展与安全，着力化解各类风险隐患，扎实做好不良资产处置。新京报贝壳财经记者 徐雨婷 编辑 陈莉 校对 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