观察丨换电、闪充加速“结网”，电动车补能成竞争关键牌

澎湃新闻03-25

当中国新能源汽车渗透率在2025年历史性地突破50%分水岭时，行业的竞争也步入了更为残酷的阶段。更好地缓解补能焦虑，成为各家对决中的关键一牌。　　2026年一季度尚未结束，市场已经直观嗅到补能战场的浓烈硝烟。围绕补能效率的竞赛，正在从前几年的技术路线之争，转为巨头玩家们全面展开实战，加速“结网”。　　除了比亚迪（002594.SZ/01211.HK）、蔚来（NIO.US，09866.HK）这样的...

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competition","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":null,"symbols_score_info":{"81211":0.6,"300750":1.96,"09866":1.86,"NIO.SI":1.86,"NIOG":0.6,"002594":1.88,"NIO":1.86,"HYDD.SI":0.6,"BYDDY":1.88,"01211":1.88,"03750":1.96,"EVS.SI":0.6},"content_text":"当中国新能源汽车渗透率在2025年历史性地突破50%分水岭时，行业的竞争也步入了更为残酷的阶段。更好地缓解补能焦虑，成为各家对决中的关键一牌。　　2026年一季度尚未结束，市场已经直观嗅到补能战场的浓烈硝烟。围绕补能效率的竞赛，正在从前几年的技术路线之争，转为巨头玩家们全面展开实战，加速“结网”。　　除了比亚迪（002594.SZ/01211.HK）、蔚来（NIO.US，09866.HK）这样的整车企业，作为电池巨头的宁德时代（300750.SZ/03750.HK）在经过数年试水后，于2024年底也正式对外展示了重资加码换电业务的决心。　　尽管起步略晚，但手握充足现金流的“宁王”攻速迅猛：过去的2025年，也就是正式宣布大举进军换电业务的首个完整年，其面向乘用车的巧克力换电与面向重卡的骐骥换电分别建成1020座、305座换电站。　　相较之下，国内乘用车换电领域的先行者蔚来，从下场布局首座换电站到第1000座换电站投入运营，经历了整整4年时间。　　“巧克力换电起步稍微晚一点，但是我们的决心很大。”宁德时代旗下主攻换电业务的全资子公司时代电服南区总经理冯力表示，只要有比较好的车型产品，在好的推广和品质服务下，换电市场的运营规模很快会提升上去。　　杭州作为重要布局点，巧克力换电于2025年1月正式启动，截至目前已开业30座站，并计划至年底累计建成近70座巧克力换电站。　　宁德时代今年仍是换电站“基建狂魔”，建站速度相较去年甚至翻倍。按照计划，将在2026年累计建成近4000座换电站。其中，巧克力换电计划在140多座城市累计建成超3000座换电站，同步启动高速公路网络建设，长期目标为3万座，并将开放加盟计划。　　蔚来的计划则是在今年新增1000座换电站，年底建成超过4600座。这意味着届时两家的差距将缩小至千站以内。　　宁德时代率先在新能源汽车高渗透率区域提升结网密度。以浙江为例，2026年年底全省预计将落成巧克力换电站超过250座，实现11个地级市全覆盖。杭州作为其中的重要布局点，巧克力换电于2025年1月正式启动，截至目前已开业30座站，并计划至年底累计建成近70座巧克力换电站，覆盖上城、拱墅、西湖等重点区域。西湖区西园一路站是最新开业的第30座站，1500辆欧尚、埃安巧克力换电车型也于日前集中交付。　　“我们计划今年继续在市区内加大布局，另外我们要打通高速，让整个长三角城际之间的换电互联互通进一步提升。”尽管业内对换电站的重投资属性讨论颇多，但对入局者而言，将换电站先行“铺开”到一定密度，是试图改变用户补能习惯的必要投入。宁德时代构建的换电网络，目标是让用户10分钟内就能找到一座换电站。　　对宁德时代而言，目前尚在前期建站阶段，对换电站的盈利拐点尚无公开口径。但冯力表示，在华南、华东这样新能源发展非常快的区域，将有机会率先实现盈利，“以杭州为例，它是我们南区里面在车辆规模运营这块要率先突破的城市。”　　冯力同时强调，除了加速推进换电站建设之外，跟主机厂合作推出更多换电车型，是当前另一重点。　　不难理解，相比于比亚迪、蔚来这样的主机厂，宁德时代缺乏整车端控制权，这给其换电业务的落地节奏与兼容性带来不确定性。不过，过硬的电池技术与标准化能力、产业链话语权强、可跨品牌开放兼容，这些也都是宁德时代的优势。　　从过去一年的进展来看，巧克力换电阵营的确在逐渐打破品牌壁垒。2025年，宁德时代与一汽、长安、北汽、奇瑞、广汽五大车企联合发布10款巧克力换电新车型。值得一提的是，去年3月，宁德时代还与蔚来达成战略合作，双方宣布将共同打造全球最大换电网络，并推进行业技术标准的统一。　　当然，对宁德时代而言，换电生态建设仍任重而道远。就在3月20日，由宁德时代与中国汽车工程学会、上汽等多家主流车企和换电设备商共同制定的国内首个换电系统互换标准——《纯电动乘用车螺栓式换电系统互换性技术要求》（T/CSAE 499-2025）正式发布。标准制定的背后，正是要提升不同品牌换电资源的兼容性，填平阻碍换电规模化普及的天然鸿沟。　　此外值得关注的是，在宁德时代、蔚来真金白银力推换电的同时，闪充阵营中的比亚迪在3月初投出了一枚重磅，推出第二代刀片电池及兆瓦闪充技术，称电量从10%充至70%仅需5分钟，从10%充至97%约9分钟；即便在零下30摄氏度的低温环境中，20%至97%的补能过程也可在12分钟内完成。　　将充电时间压缩至个位数的同时，比亚迪抛出“闪充中国”战略：在全国大批量建设闪充站，预计到今年年底建设落成20000座闪充站。其中，比亚迪将与全国充电网络的运营商协同合作，以“闪充站中站”模式加速建设，预计到年底建成18000座。另外，比亚迪“闪充高速站”将覆盖近三分之一的高速公路服务区，预计到今年年底落成2000座。　　“没有人比我们比亚迪更懂电池。”比亚迪董事长兼总裁王传福站在发布会的舞台中央掷下这句话。业内普遍认为，兆瓦闪充技术的高调推出，实际上也是比亚迪在进入增速放缓期后，重新建立技术护城河的关键一役。　　过去的2025年，比亚迪全年销量达到460.2万辆，但同比增速已从前一年的41.3%回落至7.73%；国内市场零售销量则为348.45万辆，同比下滑了6.3%。在价格战持续、产品同质化加深的背景下，单纯依靠销量规模的增长模式已难以为继。　　围绕充电、换电的较量始终存在，甚至在业内引发口水之争。但站在消费者的角度，两者本质上都在回答同一个问题：如何让电动车的补能体验无限接近燃油车。宁德时代董事长曾毓群在2024年底的巧克力换电生态大会上曾预测，到2030年，换电、家充、公共充电桩将三分天下。（文章来源：澎湃新闻）","kind":"news","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"0","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"isVideo":false,"video":null,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":0,"need_auth":false,"need_login_tip":false,"code":"91000000","status":"200"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false},"APP":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 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