伊朗战争引爆加州“能源孤岛”危机：雪佛龙(CVX.US)喊话州政府，要么废除征税要么炼油产能“归零”

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智通财经APP获悉，雪佛龙(CVX.US)警告称，受伊朗战争影响，加利福尼亚州正滑向一场能源危机。该公司表示，除非州政府取消相关税收和法规，否则可能停止在加州提炼石油。加州是美国人口最多的州，因其约20%的成品油从亚洲进口，极易受到大宗商品市场波动的影响。当前，随着伊朗封锁霍尔木兹海峡，来自中国、韩国、新加坡等地的船运面临显著放缓风险，亚洲国家自身需求已难以满足。雪佛龙炼油业务负责人安迪·沃尔兹...

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capacity","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":null,"symbols_score_info":{"159945":1.5,"CVX":1.5},"content_text":"智通财经APP获悉，雪佛龙(CVX.US)警告称，受伊朗战争影响，加利福尼亚州正滑向一场能源危机。该公司表示，除非州政府取消相关税收和法规，否则可能停止在加州提炼石油。加州是美国人口最多的州，因其约20%的成品油从亚洲进口，极易受到大宗商品市场波动的影响。当前，随着伊朗封锁霍尔木兹海峡，来自中国、韩国、新加坡等地的船运面临显著放缓风险，亚洲国家自身需求已难以满足。雪佛龙炼油业务负责人安迪·沃尔兹表示，加州可能出现的燃料短缺是他“最担心的事情”。沃尔兹周二接受采访时表示：“我们在亚洲的炼厂不得不削减原油加工量，产量将随之减少。如果旧金山、洛杉矶没有所需的航空燃油或汽油，该怎么办?”加州与美国主要的燃料生产中心得克萨斯州和路易斯安那州并不相连，本质上形成了一座“能源孤岛”。加之近年来，为应对气候变化和限制石油行业利润而制定的法规推高了运营成本，导致多家炼厂关闭，进一步加剧了供应脆弱性。受伊朗战争影响，加州消费者对能源价格飙升的风险敞口高于美国其他多数地区。目前加州汽油价格已接近每加仑6美元，而全美均价约为4美元。这对预计将角逐2028年总统大选的民主党籍州长加文·纽森而言，正构成日益严峻的政治挑战。沃尔兹在标普全球于休斯顿举办的CERAWeek会议上表示：“加州决定依赖进口，这是一场危险的游戏。”他呼吁加州官员宣布“能源紧急状态”，改革气候与税收法规，并促进本州石油生产。他警告称，若无此类行动，雪佛龙可能在十年内停止在加州的炼油业务。纽森办公室发言人安东尼·马丁内斯在一封电子邮件中回应称，石油公司正借伊朗战争“牟利”，并发动“协同攻势”攻击加州。他表示：“如果他们真的关心保护消费者，就应该把矛头指向该负责的人——唐纳德·特朗普。特朗普的战争让美国家庭在加油时付出代价，且看不到尽头。”特朗普政府已动用紧急战时权力，授权总部位于休斯顿的钻探商Sable Offshore Corp.重启加州海岸的海上石油生产。特朗普还暂时豁免了已有百年历史的《琼斯法案》，以降低美国港口间运输汽油、柴油等商品的成本与难度。沃尔兹认为，加州的问题在很大程度上是“自食其果”。该州拥有全美最严格的燃料标准及碳配额交易计划，批评者认为这些政策迫使消费者承担全美最高的能源价格。加州计划到2045年将碳排放减少85%，这严重依赖于几乎完全淘汰汽油车并大幅削减包括炼油在内的重工业。尽管如此，加州仍是全美第二大汽油消费市场和最大的航空燃油消费市场，而目前尚无实用的低碳替代品。沃尔兹表示：“加州将碳排放转移到其他国家的意图，实际上是把供应安全也转移了出去，同时还流失了就业岗位，却对碳减排毫无影响。”由于战争中断了西海岸炼厂通常依赖的地区供应，雪佛龙正采取非常规措施，将墨西哥湾沿岸的石油经巴拿马运河运往加州。该公司在霍尔木兹海峡两侧均有油轮闲置。随着海湾地区供应减少，中国已实施燃料出口禁令。如果霍尔木兹海峡长期受阻，其他亚洲国家可能跟进。雪佛龙的场景规划最初假设海峡封锁至3月底，但沃尔兹表示：“现在我们的情景假设更糟了，持续时间会更长，我们正试图预判未来形势。”加州拥有超过30个军事基地，包括全美最大的特拉维斯空军基地，雪佛龙从其里士满炼油厂为该基地供油。沃尔兹称：“我认为美国政府应当对此感到担忧。”加州空气资源委员会提出的新排放法规若实施，将进一步推高该州剩余炼厂的运营成本。雪佛龙估计，五年内额外支出可能高达5亿美元。沃尔兹警告：“他们需要取消对炼厂的征税，否则十年内将无炼厂可用。如果维持现状，雪佛龙十年内肯定会离开，我们撑不下去。”","kind":"news","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"-2","news_tag":"policyRegulatory","news_rank":0,"isVideo":false,"video":null,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":0,"need_auth":false,"code":"91000000","status":"200"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false},"APP":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 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