直击极寒大考新能源商用车冬测见真章

中国交通报02-28

黑龙江省黑河市，冬季最低气温可达零下40摄氏度，是汽车极寒性能的天然“检验场”。近日，比亚迪商用车在此完成为期两个月的极寒测试，直面新能源商用车在极寒环境下的性能挑战。极寒测试不仅是对车辆动力、续航的严苛试炼，更是对汽车制造产业极端条件下技术创新能力的集中检验。记者深入汽车测试一线，实地探访测试现场，对话行业从业者，解码这场冰雪中的技术攻坚。电动客车暖得快跑得稳黑河红河谷汽车测试场，气温约零下...

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跑得稳黑河红河谷汽车测试场，气温约零下30摄氏度，记者在室外拍摄不到半小时，贴满暖宝宝的手机就被冻关机，人也冻透了。而车尾挂满冰棱的比亚迪C11电动客车，不仅一键顺畅启动，更以55公里时速，平稳完成冰雪路面麋鹿测试、S弯道行驶、一键停车等项目，在冰面圆环路段稳健穿梭。“低温下，车厢加热约半小时即可达到正常温度，还能通过手机提前预约预热，大幅缩短冬季发车等待时间。”比亚迪商用车相关负责人介绍，该车型基于比亚迪e-Bus平台3.0打造，依托全域1000伏高压架构，升级核心“三电”技术，实现底盘、驱动、车身控制等系统高效协同，搭配七合一多热源耦合式热管理系统，降低综合能耗、减少续航衰减。我国电动客车抗寒之路，正在从保启动、保续航向求高效进阶。业内人士介绍，历经十余年努力，电动客车抗寒技术已从耗电产热、热量复用，逐步迈向“智能+新材料融合”新阶段，运营体验从“能用”升级为“好用”。早期，电动客车主要依靠大功率PTC加热器、电池隔热层等保障冬季启动运行，但续航衰减严重。近年来，比亚迪商用车等头部企业突破余热回收、集成式热管理、热泵空调等技术，高效利用电机、电控废热，实现电池保温、车厢制热双提升，缓解了续航焦虑。智能技术进一步赋能舒适出行。试乘中，比亚迪C11电动客车轻松完成模拟躲避障碍的麋鹿测试，车辆搭载的云辇A智能悬架系统实时精准调节车身姿态，动作行云流水。进入S弯道时，悬架系统持续动态适配，有效抵消惯性影响，乘客几乎感受不到车身侧倾，舒适性与稳定性双重提升。“济南冬季气温最低可达零下15摄氏度，电动公交车运营顺畅，续航衰减控制在10%左右。”山东省济南公交集团相关负责人介绍，这得益于2024年前后电池热管理系统在纯电动公交车中的广泛应用，通过风冷、液冷等技术精准控温，提升车辆低温适应性。如今，纯电动客车已在我国东北地区规模化应用，在黑河的城市公交、客运班线中也随处可见。混动轻卡 动力足 更好开对新能源卡车而言，冬季考验是双重的：既要性能可靠，也要经济高效。此次极寒测试中，比亚迪T5混动轻卡扛住了极寒测试场与城市配送真实运营场景的考验，印证了新能源卡车的寒区适配能力。测试场内，T5混动轻卡在冰雪圆环路上行驶顺畅、转向精准，时速40公里制动测试中响应迅捷、车身平稳；场外，它往返于吉林四平与辽宁昌图之间，全程120公里运送粮油，低温适应性与经济性凸显。“用T5混动轻卡根本不怕‘冬眠’，上车就能感受到暖意，电池不怕冷，方向盘和座椅都是热乎的。”四平市轻卡司机谷师傅说，他驾驶该车拉了120桶食用油，动力充足、行驶平稳，即使积雪路面也能从容应对。据悉，该车搭载1.5T混动专用高效发动机与刀片电池，续航里程突破1100公里、支持2C快充，有效破解了低温充电慢难题。这份“从容”背后，是新能源卡车抗寒技术的迭代跃升，从早期的单一部件加热、系统能效优化，正迈向全域智能协同的新阶段。“新能源卡车正通过电池管理、热管理、座舱空调与驱动系统的全域协同及AI预测控制，实现性能与经济性双提升。”比亚迪商用车相关负责人介绍，车辆可结合导航，在充电前智能预热电池至最佳温度，提升充放电性能。为保障冬季冰雪路面行车安全，比亚迪商用车等卡车制造企业持续加码智能技术应用，配备电子车身稳定系统、牵引力控制系统等，让车辆行驶更稳、转弯操控更准、刹车响应更迅捷。“特别好开！”多位新手司机在试驾中感慨，T5混动轻卡自动挡操作简便，方向盘也更轻便精准。运营成本优势助力新能源卡车加速普及。“去年8月购车至今，我这辆比亚迪T5混动轻卡已经跑了6000多公里，市区送货以用电为主，每公里运营成本才2毛多。”谷师傅算了一笔账，相比燃油车每公里1元、燃气车每公里0.7元的运营成本，使用混动轻卡每年能节省不少开支。如今，新一代新能源卡车在极寒环境下仍可保持高出勤率，为寒冷地区物流运输提供了可靠支撑。商用车出海 更多“中国造”进入北欧市场伴随抗寒技术日趋成熟，我国新能源商用车稳步开拓海外高寒地区市场，以技术实力获得国际认可。中国新能源商用车已出口至挪威、瑞典、芬兰等北欧高寒地区。“2012年，我们就将电动客车送到欧洲试运行，2013年小批量交付荷兰，2015年前后逐步获得北欧订单。”比亚迪商用车相关负责人回忆，初期办理电动客车出口手续时，海关工作人员因没办过甚至还不熟悉流程。而如今比亚迪在欧洲运营的电动客车已超5000辆，覆盖多个国家的公交、客运等领域。中国电动客车在北欧的推广并非一帆风顺。“与我国相比，北欧冬季低温且高湿，雪后道路撒融雪盐，对车辆抗寒、防腐要求更高。”该负责人介绍，针对当地气候、环境特点，比亚迪全面升级车型，优化电池管理系统、采用二氧化碳热泵空调、提升整车密封性等，提升电动客车适应性与可靠性，逐渐赢得当地用户认可。此外，比亚迪商用车主动深入北极圈测试场，积累寒区测试数据，并持续完善北欧市场的技术服务体系，积极践行“产品、产能、品牌”三位一体的全球化路径，逐渐实现本地化生产和服务。如今，越来越多中国客车品牌进入北欧市场，电动客车在当地实现批量稳定运营，国际影响力持续提升。破冰出海背后，是全产业链协同创新的支撑。从电池材料、电驱系统到智能底盘，我国汽车制造业已构建起覆盖高寒、高温、高海拔的“三高”全场景测试验证体系。以比亚迪商用车为例，其“三高”测试已连续开展9年，累计1336天，测试车数量达128辆，完成484个实验科目，累计实验3670次，动态测试里程突破200万公里。严苛的测试验证推动关键技术迭代，也将助力中国新能源商用车走向更广阔的全球市场。","kind":"news","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"0","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"isVideo":false,"video":null,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":0,"need_auth":false,"need_login_tip":false,"code":"91000000","status":"200"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false},"APP":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 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