AI挤崩电网？特朗普要求科技巨头自建电厂压电价

澎湃新闻02-27

美国科技界正在上演新的奇观：大批量自备电厂拔地而起。由于算力需求激增耗电凶猛、严重老化的电网压力加剧，自建电厂、自发自用将成为美国本轮AI投资热潮中的标配。“许多美国人担心，AI数据中心的能源需求可能会不公平地推高他们的电费。我很高兴地宣布，我已经谈妥了一项新的‘电力缴费者保障承诺’。我告诉主要的科技公司，他们有责任自己解决电力需求。他们可以自建发电厂，这样大家的电费就不会被抬高。而且很多情况下，...

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Trump asks tech giants to build their own power plants to lower electricity prices","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":null,"symbols_score_info":{"GOOG":0.6,"AMZU":0.6,"AMZD":0.6,"META":0.6,"AZYY":0.6,"AMZZ":0.6,"AMZP":0.6,"AMZN":0.9,"USAW.SI":0.6,"SIEGY":1.91,"AMZY":0.6,"AEP":1.88,"MSFT":0.6,"AMZW":0.6},"content_text":"美国科技界正在上演新的奇观：大批量自备电厂拔地而起。由于算力需求激增耗电凶猛、严重老化的电网压力加剧，自建电厂、自发自用将成为美国本轮AI投资热潮中的标配。“许多美国人担心，AI数据中心的能源需求可能会不公平地推高他们的电费。我很高兴地宣布，我已经谈妥了一项新的‘电力缴费者保障承诺’。我告诉主要的科技公司，他们有责任自己解决电力需求。他们可以自建发电厂，这样大家的电费就不会被抬高。而且很多情况下，社区的电价甚至会大幅下降，这是美国前所未有的独特策略！”美国总统特朗普2月24日晚发表国情咨文演讲时推销该计划称，美国电网太过老旧，根本承受不了如此庞大的用电量，“所以我告诉科技公司，可以自己建厂、自己发电。这样既能保证企业有电用，还能降低其他人的电价，效果可能非常明显。”特朗普和白宫迄今未提供该计划的具体细节。美国能源部长克里斯·赖特会后向美媒POLITICO透露，政府已经与所有“知名”AI公司达成了协议。除了自掏腰包解决数据中心所需的发电费用外，这些科技公司还将“预先支付一些资金，用于扩建电网”。其忽略了一个关键事实：建设高压输电线路的成本最终会转嫁到用户的电费账单上。尽管特朗普极力兜售其承诺，科技企业也表明愿意承担更多成本，但普通美国民众仍要为美国数据中心的繁荣泡沫买单。即使数据中心能够自给自足地发电，电力系统为此大面积更新的成本不会凭空消失。AI浪潮下，缺电比缺芯更要命。随着电力争夺战持续升级，美国民众对能源价格可承受性的担忧不断加重，成为特朗普自第二个任期以来的棘手问题。总部位于俄亥俄州的全美最大公用事业公司之一AEP的高管不久前表示，随着与数据中心签订的供电协议翻番，公司正在将五年资本支出计划扩大到720亿美元以上。除此之外，该公司准备斥资数十亿美元建设新的输电和发电项目。覆盖美国大西洋中部和五大湖东部13个州的电网运营商PJM已经批准了118亿美元的新输电项目，数据中心将是最大的受益者。新增的成本将分摊到PJM区域内6700万人身上，大约是过去两个输电预算的两倍。Exelon是PJM区域内的大型公用事业公司之一，由于数据中心的需求预测超过了供应增量，过去一年，一些地区的电费上涨了20%以上。去年12月，PJM 2027/2028年度容量拍卖成交价创下333.44美元/兆瓦日的历史新高，较2026/2027年度价格上涨1.3%，达到联邦能源监管委员会（FERC）批准的价格上限，反映了数据中心激增带来的供给缺口和高昂的系统可靠性成本。据福克斯新闻报道，亚马逊、谷歌、Meta、微软、xAI、甲骨文和OpenAI等科技巨头将于3月4日齐聚白宫，正式签署前述协议。白宫发言人Taylor Rogers声称，参与签署协议的科技公司将“为新建AI数据中心自行建设、引入或采购电力供应”，确保随着AI算力需求增长，美国居民的电费账单不会随之攀升。在指数级扩张的算力需求面前，美国超期服役的老化电网设施日益不堪重负，电力可靠性问题已经威胁到科技巨头的AI部署速度。忍不了、等不了电网扩容和五年以上并网等待期的AI巨头们纷纷选择绕开电网，自建燃气电厂，这直接促成了燃气轮机的爆单。特斯拉CEO埃隆·马斯克曾以xAI在美国田纳西州孟菲斯市建造的超大规模数据中心Colossus 2所遇困境“吐槽”美国的电力基础设施。Colossus 2将拥有首个千兆瓦级训练集群，但电压只有300千伏，“这栋楼旁边有多条高压输电线路，但连接这些线路需要一年的时间，我们不得不用许多燃气轮机拼凑出1GW的电力，同时配备大量巨型电池组。”全球燃机三巨头之一、德国能源设备供应商西门子能源公司近日披露的2026年第一财季（2025年10月-12月）数据延续强劲势头，净利润从上年同期的2.52亿欧元大幅攀升至7.46亿欧元；得益于燃气轮机和电网设备需求持续旺盛，该公司本财季的订单额大增34%至176.09亿欧元，使得积压订单达到创纪录的1460亿欧元；利润（扣除特殊项目前）同比增长141%，对应利润率从5.4%扩大到12.0%。财报数据显示，美国是西门子能源本财季订单和营收增长的最大贡献者，同比增幅分别达到59%和25%。第一财季，美国市场占西门子能源燃气轮机订单总量的40%，也是该公司电网业务订单的最大增长引擎。2月初，西门子能源宣布计划投资10亿美元，扩大其在美国的电网和燃气轮机设备制造规模。总部位于美国的GE Vernova同样面临前所未有的产能紧张。截至2025年底，该公司的燃气轮机积压订单和产能预订协议从62GW增至83GW。GE Vernova首席执行官斯科特·斯特拉齐克（Scott Strazik）1月28日表示，预计到今年底公司燃气轮机积压订单将达到100GW，届时2029年和2030年的产能将基本售罄。Global Energy Monitor追踪数据显示，美国目前在建的天然气发电装机容量居世界第一，其中超过三分之一计划直接为数据中心供电。2025年，美国在建的天然气发电装机增长近三倍，总计近252GW。如果所有在建电厂都建成投产，美国天然气发电装机容量将增长近50%，预计资本支出超4160亿美元。核电也在科技企业“自备电厂”热潮中迎来新一轮繁荣期。2024年以来，甲骨文、谷歌、微软、亚马逊、Meta等科技公司纷纷出手，通过与能源企业合作开发、向核电企业购电、投资核能公司等方式，布局小型模块化核反应堆（SMR），以满足激增的电力需求。美国多名民主党籍议员和一些清洁能源组织认为，特朗普政府的举措不足以保障民众利益。美国有线电视新闻网去年年底报道称，美国数据中心规模迅速扩大，需要大量电力。一些民主党人已开始呼吁全面限制新建数据中心。风险还在于，如果硅谷的AI宏伟梦想落空，普通电力用户可能会面临潜在的经济负担。“你花了30亿美元升级电网，结果数据中心没建成，或者数据中心耗电量没有预期那么多，最后谁来承担损失？”约翰·霍普金斯大学能源研究员艾比·西尔弗曼质疑称。（文章来源：澎湃新闻）","kind":"news","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"0","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"isVideo":false,"video":null,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":0,"need_auth":false,"need_login_tip":false,"code":"91000000","status":"200"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false},"APP":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)","isDev":false,"isTTM":false,"tenantId":"TBCN","deviceId":"web-server-community-laohu8-v3","version":"4.42.0","shortVersion":"4.42.0","platform":"web","vendor":"web","appName":"laohu8","isIOS":false,"isAndroid":false,"isTiger":false,"isTHS":false,"isWeiXin":false,"isWeiXinMini":false,"isWeiBo":false,"isQQ":false,"isBaiduSwan":false,"isBaiduBox":false,"isDingTalk":false,"isToutiao":false,"isOnePlus":false,"isHuaWei":false,"isXiaomi":false,"isXiaomiWebView":false,"isOppo":false,"isVivo":false,"isSamsung":false,"isMobile":false},"href":"/m/news/2614107028","isCrawlerRequest":true}