马斯克，真把方向盘拆下来了

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作者｜王磊编辑｜秦章勇当我们在享受春节假期，特斯拉迎来历史时刻：第一台没有方向盘，没有加速踏板和刹车的无人驾驶量产车Cybercab，在美国德克萨斯州超级工厂正式下线。特斯拉官方还晒出了一张大合照，德克萨斯超级工厂的员工们簇拥着一辆金光闪闪的双门小车，庆祝这一历史时刻。下线第一时间就得到了马斯克的转发祝贺，并表示：祝贺特斯拉团队制造了首款Cybercab。虽然Cybercab目前还没有上架开卖，但...

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Y的贯穿式灯组，车身上没有外后视镜，也没有门把手，轮毂采用封闭式设计，旁边有“Cybercab”标识，车门也是酷似超跑的剪刀式。打开车门来到车内，则更加简洁，最基本的方向盘、加速和制动踏板统统消失，只有一块21寸的中控大屏，承担路线、娱乐、信息交互等全部任务，还有两个皮革织物的座椅，车内收纳空间也不多，两座之间只有一个中央扶手，扶手下方是两个杯架。这也意味着，乘客上车以后唯一需要做的动作，大概率就是在中控屏上选目的地，剩下的交给 FSD。环顾车身上，并没有出现新能源车上必备的充电口，这是因为其采用的无线感应充电的技术，它能够充电的唯一方法是通过专用的无线充电板，从而实现从行驶到补能的全链路无人化。值得一提的是，就在一周前，有海外博主透露，美国联邦通信委员会（FCC）正式批准特斯拉该豁免允许其在其无线电动汽车充电系统中采用超宽带（UWB）无线电技术，该系统将用于为Cybercab 无线充电。在传感器和算力层面，Cybercab 将搭载与 Model 3 和 Model Y 相同的计算平台和传感器，即Hardware 4.0 (AI4) 芯片。虽然马斯克此前曾提到过更强大的AI5，但受限于供应链与算力平衡，AI5预计要到2027年才能大规模商用。而且这款无人车依然没有激光雷达，完全依赖8个高清摄像头和神经网络进行空间重构。虽然没有物理控制，但车辆在底层电子架构如制动、转向执行器上做了多重电力和信号冗余。制造方面，特斯拉计划在 Cybercab 上采用一种名为“Unboxed”的全新生产工艺。这种非传统装配线方法允许车辆的不同部件分别组装，最后再进行整合，这也是能让马斯克承诺其售价能下探至3万美元的底气来源。它把整台车拆成了大约六个预制模块——前车身、后车身、底盘电池包、左侧、右侧、车顶。每个模块单独制造、单独检测，最后在总装线上像拼积木一样拼到一起。这种“搭积木”式的造车方法有几个好处：每个模块可以在不同的产线上同时生产，大幅缩短了总装时间，生产效率提升了约35%。而且模块在拼装之前就可以做质量检测，不用等整车组装完再去排查问题。02 下线只是开始作为马斯克宏伟蓝图中的重要组成部分，支撑特斯拉五万亿美市值的关键，Cybercab的下线无疑是特斯拉的里程碑时刻，同时对于汽车工业和用户而言，亦是如此。因为Cybercab的意义不只是打车方便，还是个“一本万利”的好生意。按照马斯克的规划，希望通过建立一个庞大的自动驾驶网络，模糊私家车与网约车的界限，让车主既能自用，也能让车辆在闲置时自动接单赚钱。马斯克将其形容为“爱彼迎+优步”的结合体。这或许意味着，未来的汽车将从纯粹的消费品，转变为一种能够自我增值的生产力工具，其此前表示一年就能收回购车成本，也就是3万美元。重点在于极低的运营成本。一个可参考的数据是，在美国，打一趟Uber或Lyft，平均每英里的费用大约在2到3美元之间。换算成公里的话，大概是每公里1.2到1.9美元，马斯克给Cybercab定的目标运营成本是，每英里0.2美元左右，折合人民币，大约每公里一块钱出头。如果这个数字能实现，那出租车和网约车行业的底层经济模型就被彻底改写。不过，马斯克的愿景与现实落地之间仍存在明显差距，宏大愿景的实现仍取决于美国监管机构的批准。恰好就在 Cybercab“下线秀肌肉”的同一周期，美国迈阿密联邦地区法院驳回了特斯拉提出的推翻陪审团裁决的请求。案件源于2019年佛罗里达基拉戈的一起致命交通事故，车主驾驶一辆开启Autopilot系统的特斯拉Model S。行驶过程中，车主弯腰去捡掉落的手机，车辆径直冲过一个停车标志和一个闪烁红灯的路口，撞上一辆停着的汽车，导致一死一重伤。2025年8月，美国联邦陪审团裁定特斯拉对事故负有责任，认定其承担33%的过错责任，需支付4300万美元补偿性赔偿金和2亿美元惩罚性赔偿金，特斯拉随后上诉，但最近又被驳回，维持原判。一边是科幻照进现实的Cybercab下线，一边是天价赔偿的命案官司，特斯拉这口“无人驾驶大饼”吃起来显然还有点硌牙。另外，美国联邦机动车安全标准（FMVSS）目前也有规定，每家车企每年仅能获得2500辆无方向盘车辆的上路豁免额度，这对于年产能目标数百万的特斯拉来说杯水车薪。尽管，人类出行史上第一款彻底面向无人驾驶的量产Robotaxi，已经正式下线，但产业的成熟无法单靠愿景加速，要让Cybercab真正驶入千家万户的生活，注定是一场漫长而复杂的马拉松。","kind":"news","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"0","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"isVideo":false,"video":null,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":0,"need_auth":false,"need_login_tip":false,"code":"91000000","status":"200"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false},"APP":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; 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