Mac用户面临的安全风险陡增，都怪苹果卖得太好

三易生活02-18

此前在今年10月，苹果方面发布了一则名为“BSOD（蓝屏死机）”新广告。其中的主要情节，便是主人公使用苹果电脑来提升工作效率，并且在其他电脑蓝屏死机时，Mac安然无恙。显而易见，苹果这个广告调侃了去年夏季Windows全球性蓝屏死机事件，并向外界强化macOS安全性更高的概念。由于macOS比Windows更安全的印象早已深入人心，因此有相当多消费者选择Mac的理由，正是macOS安全、可靠、稳定...

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href=http://gu.qq.com/resources/shy/news/detail-v2/index.html#/?id=nesSN20260218180124954165fa&s=b><strong>三易生活</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>此前在今年10月，苹果方面发布了一则名为“BSOD（蓝屏死机）”新广告。其中的主要情节，便是主人公使用苹果电脑来提升工作效率，并且在其他电脑蓝屏死机时，Mac安然无恙。显而易见，苹果这个广告调侃了去年夏季Windows全球性蓝屏死机事件，并向外界强化macOS安全性更高的概念。由于macOS比Windows更安全的印象早已深入人心，因此有相当多消费者选择Mac的理由，正是macOS安全、可靠、稳定...</p>\n\n<a href=\"http://gu.qq.com/resources/shy/news/detail-v2/index.html#/?id=nesSN20260218180124954165fa&s=b\">网页链接</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","isBrief":false,"type":0,"news_type":1,"symbol":"LU2108987350.USD","symbol_name":"UBS (LUX) EQUITY SICAV GLOBAL OPPORTUNITY SUSTAINABLE (USD) \"P\" (USD) 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well","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":null,"symbols_score_info":{"AAPY":0.6,"APLY":0.6,"AAPX":0.6,"AAPU":0.6,"AAPL":1.96,"AAPD":0.6,"AAPW":0.6,"MACW.SI":0.6,"AAPB":0.6},"content_text":"此前在今年10月，苹果方面发布了一则名为“BSOD（蓝屏死机）”新广告。其中的主要情节，便是主人公使用苹果电脑来提升工作效率，并且在其他电脑蓝屏死机时，Mac安然无恙。显而易见，苹果这个广告调侃了去年夏季Windows全球性蓝屏死机事件，并向外界强化macOS安全性更高的概念。由于macOS比Windows更安全的印象早已深入人心，因此有相当多消费者选择Mac的理由，正是macOS安全、可靠、稳定。毕竟在过去二十年间，与隔三差五就爆发安全事件的Windows，macOS被病毒感染和恶意软件大规模攻击的消息可谓是寥寥无几。然而当时间来到2025年，“macOS更安全”可能就成为了刻板印象。近日安全机构Jamf Threat Labs发布了关于macOS的安全报告，其中指出macOS的安全风险日益严峻，Mac的整体感染率正在快速上升。Jamf Threat Labs方面给出的理由更是让人啼笑皆非，因为这并非苹果的安全保护机制高效，纯粹是因为以往攻击macOS性价比低。一直以来，Windows在全球桌面操作系统市场都占据着绝对主导的地位，并拥有远超macOS的用户数量，特别是Windows在商用市场的统治地位，就使得黑客更倾向于将资源投入到针对Windows的攻击中。如果说以凯文·米特尼克为代表的古早时期黑客实施网络攻击主要是为了“炫技”，那么如今黑客的诉求就更简单，因为他们是为了获利。要知道网络攻击在全球范围内都是犯罪行为，所以黑客付出了成为罪犯的代价，当然就是为了赚取超额收益。显然，攻击长期占据绝对市场垄断地位的Windows不仅成功率高，而且预期收益也更大。再加上Windows长期致力于服务企业级用户，所以撬开后者的大门所带来的收益更是惊人。再加上基于Unix的macOS在权限管理和进程隔离方面远胜于Windows，并且苹果通过系统完整性保护 (SIP)限制了用户对关键系统文件和目录的修改权限，也增加了恶意软件深入系统核心的难度。苹果的Gatekeeper机制默认只允许运行来自App Store或经过公证（Notarized）的应用，从而阻止了未经验证的软件能够被随意安装。与此同时，以App Store为核心的应用分发渠道，也大幅减少了恶意软件的传播途径。相比之下，Windows用户获取软件的渠道就过于丰富了，既有微软应用商店、软件的官网，还有无数来源未知的下载站。虽然自由开放这一特质为Windows带来了软件兼容性更好的优势，但埋下了安全隐患。简而言之，在相当长的一段时间里，macOS其实是黑客眼中的“鸡肋”，不仅缺乏“油水”，而且攻击难度更高。转折点出现在2020年，在这一年的秋季新品发布会上，苹果方面推出了基于Arm架构的自研芯片Apple Silicon，Mac产品线也自此从x86架构切换到了Arm架构。M1芯片的诞生标志着苹果完成生态统一，也使得macOS从此解决了一个困扰多年的顽疾，那就是普适性。在切换到Arm架构前，Mac的境遇与汽车领域的皮卡有些类似，那就是都有着鲜明的特定使用场景。可是皮卡能干的活，普通汽车就一定干不了吗？不完全是，但在皮卡有优势的地方，普通汽车做得显然就没有皮卡好。由于长板突出的同时，短板也很明显，再加上macOS的市占率低，所以开发者单独为其适配软件的热情也不高，因此就导致包括游戏、工业软件在内的大批应用无法在macOS上运行。这也是为什么过去Mac的用户画像，往往是媒体人、艺术家、创意工作者、码农。Apple Silicon的出现让macOS得以无缝对接成熟的iOS生态，使得Mac从此变成了能适配绝大多数人的电脑。统计机构StatCounter公布的数据显示，截至2025年4月，macOS的市占率达到15.64%，甚至在中国市场的份额也历史性地突破了10%。随着macOS用户规模的快速扩张，再叠加Mac产品本身价格更高的现实，黑客自然就发现了这个“新”的肥羊。与此同时，黑客其实也面临着“税基”萎缩的危机，有越来越多的企业选择拒绝向其支付赎金。网络安全公司Coveware在2025年10月末发布的报告就表明，2025年第三季度只有23%的企业向黑客支付了赎金、创下历史新低，而在2019年这个数字则达到了85%。再加上“Gatekeeper”或者说“苹果公证”机制难以适应当下的网络安全形势，使得它们成为了macOS的阿喀琉斯之踵，也让Mac用户被黑客攻击的风险快速攀升。作为桌面操作系统，在强大的历史惯性下，App Store没能成为macOS唯一的应用分发渠道，开发者同样能将应用发布在网站上供用户下载、安装。为了确保开发者自行提供的Mac应用也是安全的，苹果就设计了Gatekeeper机制。其运行模式是开发者将应用上传到苹果的公证服务进行公证，在软件安装过程中Gatekeeper会请求服务器，并根据返回的数据来判断应用是否通过核验。苹果为macOS设计的公证服务其实是一个简易的App Store上架流程，它在检查软件是否含有恶意内容时，是使用静态应用程序安全测试（SAST），并不需要代码执行，因此就具有速度快、资源消耗低等优势，可代价就是对运行时变量的生成缺乏防御力。因此当黑客先上传正常的软件代码，待通过苹果公证服务的扫描，并部署到用户设备上时，就会诱导用户下载一个包含恶意代码的依赖库，并引导用户进一步安装包含真正恶意代码的组件。这种层层递进的传播方式，就极大降低了普通用户的防范意识，使得攻击的成功率大幅提升。所以从某种意义上来说，Mac在过去数年的优秀表现，反而让用户面临的风险变大了。【本文图片来自网络】推荐阅读：变革中的OPPO，在2025年走出了一条“逆袭”之路“老实人”OPPO，用技术投资更年轻的未来。上线纳米漫剧流水线，360想当AI漫剧的“卖水人”如果纳米漫剧流水线名副其实，或许能成为360在AI赛道的支点。","kind":"news","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"0","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"isVideo":false,"video":null,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":0,"need_auth":false,"need_login_tip":false,"code":"91000000","status":"200"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false},"APP":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; 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