马斯克喊出“太阳能将全面主导未来电力体系”，加速自建光伏产能

澎湃新闻02-16

世界上恐怕再难找到比马斯克更乐观的太阳能拥趸。2月14日，他再次在社交媒体上表示：“太阳能将全面主导未来的电力生产体系。”发表上述言论时，马斯克所转载并评论的文章称，光伏已成为美国新增电力装机的主要来源，并有望在2026年底前超越煤炭装机容量。预计2026-2027年将新增70GW光伏发电装机容量，比截至2025年底的规模增加49%。随着人工智能的电力需求急剧增加，马斯克正重新将太阳能纳入核心战略...

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power system\" and accelerated self-built photovoltaic production capacity","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":null,"symbols_score_info":{"07766":0.6,"TSLZ":0.6,"TSLI":0.6,"TSLT":0.6,"TSLL":0.6,"CRSH":0.6,"TSLQ":0.6,"TSLR":0.6,"TSII":0.6,"TSLY":0.6,"TSLA":1.95,"TSYY":0.6,"TSLO":0.6,"TSLS":0.6,"TSLP":0.6,"TESL":0.6,"UFO":0.6,"TSLG":0.6,"TSLW":0.6,"TSDD":0.6,"TSL":0.6},"content_text":"世界上恐怕再难找到比马斯克更乐观的太阳能拥趸。2月14日，他再次在社交媒体上表示：“太阳能将全面主导未来的电力生产体系。”发表上述言论时，马斯克所转载并评论的文章称，光伏已成为美国新增电力装机的主要来源，并有望在2026年底前超越煤炭装机容量。预计2026-2027年将新增70GW光伏发电装机容量，比截至2025年底的规模增加49%。随着人工智能的电力需求急剧增加，马斯克正重新将太阳能纳入核心战略优先级。2016年，特斯拉以约20亿美元收购了当时经营困难的SolarCity，但其“太阳能屋顶”产品始终未能突破小众用户市场。“太阳能市场的发展潜力被严重低估了……我们认为，要为电网（尤其是为人工智能数据中心供电）增加大量电力供应的最佳途径是地面太阳能和储能电池，以及太空太阳能。我们计划构建从原材料到太阳能电池的一体化产业链。”马斯克在上月的特斯拉财报电话会上称。近期，他多次在访谈节目中透露将自建产能，原因是中国光伏产品价廉物美，但当前美国对进口光伏产品征收的关税“高得惊人”。未来三年，特斯拉和SpaceX将各自积极朝着100GW的产能目标迈进。一旦实现，特斯拉将轻松成为美国最大的光伏制造商，这一庞大产能计划的巨额资金来源尚不明晰。据外媒报道，特斯拉已为这一愿景付诸行动。知情人士透露，该公司正在评估美国多地选址以启动光伏电池片制造，该计划的一部分是扩大其位于纽约州布法罗市工厂的产能，长远来看，特斯拉还可能考虑在纽约州新建第二座工厂，亚利桑那州和爱达荷州也在选址考虑范围。特斯拉副总裁Bonne Eggleston已在领英发布岗位，面向全球招募制造工程师与材料科学家。过去两三年，全球光伏行业经历了剧烈的结构性调整：产能过剩、价格大幅回落、企业普遍亏损、市值显著缩水，产业链进入深度整合阶段。主流厂商纷纷缩减资本开支、去库存、控产能之时，马斯克却逆向扩产。原因只有一个：作为人工智能竞赛的致命短板，电力瓶颈正日渐凸显。不久前在“Moonshots”播客节目中，当被问及“随着人工智能、能源和太空系统呈指数级增长，真正的瓶颈是什么？它并非物理层面的——是组织、文化、官僚主义还是人类？”时，马斯克不假思索地回答“发电”。他称，大家低估了电力上线的难度。“首先你需要发电，而变压器又需要变压器，你必须把电压转换成计算机能处理的电压，还得给计算机散热。基本上，发电和散热是AI发展的限制因素。一旦有了人形机器人技术，它们能解决发电和散热问题。但至少在未来两年，这些仍将是限制因素。”面对美国缺电与电网系统老化，马斯克选择“自寻出路”。他曾以旗下xAI在美国田纳西州孟菲斯市建造的超大规模数据中心Colossus 2所遇困境“吐槽”美国的电力基础设施。Colossus 2将拥有首个千兆瓦级训练集群，但电压只有300千伏，“这栋楼旁边有多条高压输电线路，但连接这些线路需要一年的时间，我们不得不用许多燃气轮机拼凑出1GW的电力，同时配备大量巨型电池组。因为进行训练时，功率波动非常大。”可快速部署的光伏和储能系统组合，业内视为解决“电荒”的途径。马斯克的太阳能梦不止于此。“太空才是真正蕴藏巨大能量的地方。你不需要占用地球上的任何空间，太空空间如此广阔，你可以将规模扩展到惊人的程度，我认为最终规模可达到数百太瓦。”他不久前在达沃斯世界经济论坛上表示，太阳在太阳系总质量中占比99.8%以上、产生的能量接近100%，SpaceX将在未来几年发射太阳能AI卫星。他称，如果每年完成100万吨有效载荷送入轨道，按每吨100千瓦计算，那就是每年100GW太阳能AI卫星。“而且，我们完全有可能达到每年1太瓦的目标。”","kind":"news","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"1","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":0,"need_auth":false,"code":"91000000","status":"200"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false},"APP":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; 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