金融时报：马斯克的太空数据中心，梦想还是现实？

凤凰网科技02-10

马斯克凤凰网科技讯北京时间2月10日，据《金融时报》报道，埃隆·马斯克(Elon Musk)把AI的未来押在了轨道上，而不是地球。问题是，他真能把数据中心送入太空吗？马斯克之所以将SpaceX与亏损的xAI合并，打造估值达1.25万亿美元的巨头并让其IPO，一个核心考量就是在太空建数据中心。他提出，由太阳能提供动力、并由太空真空环境冷却的大规模卫星群将成为生成AI算力最廉价的方式。马斯克相信，这...

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Pint》播客节目中表示。新风口尽管一位xAI前员工认为，此想法“似乎凭空冒出且完全未经证实”，但马斯克并非唯一追逐此构想的大型科技企业领袖。亚马逊创始人杰夫·贝佐斯(Jeff Bezos)去年10月也曾预言，未来几年将在太空建造“巨型吉瓦数据中心”。贝佐斯同时担任神秘AI创业公司“普罗米修斯计划”的联席CEO。谷歌计划在2027年初，为其“追日者计划”与卫星公司Planet合作开展一项“学习任务”，将搭载其张量处理器AI芯片的两颗原型卫星送入近地轨道。两家创业公司Starcloud和Aetherflux也计划在未来12个月内将GPU芯片发射至太空。Aetherflux创始人白朱·巴特(Baiju Bhatt)指出，AI的蓬勃兴起带来了“千载难逢的能源消耗拐点”，这也创造了将AI送入太空的“巨大经济动力”。“这将成为太空大规模工业化的催化剂之一，我们甚至不需要为此发明新材料。”曾联合创立交易应用Robinhood的巴特表示。可重复使用火箭将降低发射成本全球最大卫星运营商之一SES的前CEO史蒂夫·科拉尔(Steve Collar)指出：“埃隆的构想总是超前于技术和现实数年，但这并不意味着他是错的。这种前瞻性完全可以既服务于自身利益，又符合未来趋势。”“好处是你可以无限、高效地利用太阳能，而且太空非常寒冷，”现任卫星通信公司SWISSto12董事长的科拉尔表示，“这两点对于一个极度耗电、产生大量热量的系统来说，非常有帮助。”Starcloud联合创始人菲利普·约翰斯顿(Philip Johnston)认为，技术“百分之百会在两到三年内得到验证，甚至可能就是今年”。他补充道：“这完全是毫无疑问的：未来十年，所有算力都将在太空中建设。”质疑声但是，这一构想的经济可行性取决于多个尚未验证的前提条件。首先，大规模卫星群的发射成本能否大幅下降。其次，目前作为地面AI数据中心主力芯片的英伟达GPU等硬件，是否能在太空真空环境中有效抵御辐射并实现冷却。最关键的是，该构想建立在AI发展将持续推高算力需求的前提之上。谷歌去年11月发布的研究报告估算，若发射成本从当前至少1000美元/公斤降至200美元/公斤以下，则太空数据中心的每千瓦/年运营成本将与地面数据中心“大致相当”。但报告指出，这一成本门槛预计要到“2030年代中期”才能实现。一些人认为，随着SpaceX星舰、蓝色起源新格伦等可重复使用火箭的问世，这种经济测算将发生改变，因为这类火箭有望大幅降低发射成本。SpaceX已向美国联邦通信委员会提交文件，申请为AI项目发射多达100万颗卫星的许可。然而，科技行业的许多人仍对这些障碍能否被克服持怀疑态度。“我不知道各位最近是否见过服务器机架，它们非常沉重。”亚马逊云科技CEO马特·加尔曼(Matt Garman)上周在旧金山思科大会上坦言。卫星公司Planet的CEO马歇尔透露，早在马斯克和贝佐斯于2025年底开始推广这一概念之前，他已与谷歌就此探讨了数年。鉴于这类系统的工程复杂性，他认为经济可行性的论证可能比技术成熟更早实现。“许多架构设计问题尚未解决，”马歇尔坦言，“但这一切都不是不可逾越的障碍……竞赛已经开始。”(作者/箫雨)更多一手新闻，欢迎下载凤凰新闻客户端订阅凤凰网科技。想看深度报道，请微信搜索“凤凰网科技”。","kind":"news","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"0","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"isVideo":false,"video":null,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":1,"need_auth":false,"need_login_tip":false,"code":"91000000","status":"200"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false},"APP":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; 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