钠电风起，规模上车打响第一枪？

21世纪经济报道02-06

2月5日，长安汽车联手宁德时代在牙克石正式发布全球钠电战略，全球首款钠电量产乘用车正式亮相，预计年中上市。　　钠电池并不是新鲜事物，早在新能源最火的2023年，钠电池就曾刮过一阵风，但最终雷声大雨点小，随着锂价回归正常，钠电未能看到大规模商业化的曙光。　　然而，包括宁德时代在内的电池巨头，始终未放弃这一技术路线，反而将其视为锂电池的差异化互补方案。　　2026年，正迎来钠电第二次产业化机会，...

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car?","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":null,"symbols_score_info":{"300750":1.96,"000625":1.84,"03750":1.96,"EVS.SI":0.6},"content_text":"2月5日，长安汽车联手宁德时代在牙克石正式发布全球钠电战略，全球首款钠电量产乘用车正式亮相，预计年中上市。\n　　钠电池并不是新鲜事物，早在新能源最火的2023年，钠电池就曾刮过一阵风，但最终雷声大雨点小，随着锂价回归正常，钠电未能看到大规模商业化的曙光。\n　　然而，包括宁德时代在内的电池巨头，始终未放弃这一技术路线，反而将其视为锂电池的差异化互补方案。\n　　2026年，正迎来钠电第二次产业化机会，并呈现出钠电新势力聚焦材料，锂电巨头定义应用、定调市场的竞争格局。2025年12月，亿纬锂能动工建设亿纬钠能总部项目，同时研发“无痕”“不可燃”钠电池产品；众钠能源在2025年6月发布了“元钠轻擎”电池，预计在2026年第一季度上市。\n　　值得一提的是，摆在钠电池规模应用面前，仍有多道难关，能量密度相对较低是当前制约钠离子电池向更广阔动力市场渗透的主要瓶颈。技术进步的焦点将长期围绕如何通过材料创新和系统集成，在不牺牲过多成本和安全性的前提下，稳步提升能量密度。同时，其产业链成熟度、循环寿命以及规模化生产下的成本控制仍有待进一步提升和验证。\n　　低温性能优越\n　　1月22日，宁德时代发布天行II轻商系列产品，在该系列的四款产品中，轻商低温版属于钠离子电池。\n　　去年，宁德时代曾在供应商大会上表示，2026年将在换电、乘用车、商用车、储能四大领域大规模应用钠电池后的首次对外展示家底，也是轻商领域首款量产的钠离子电池。这款钠电池的容量为45度，可匹配中小VAN、小微卡等多种车型。\n　　低温性能是钠离子电池最突出的性能优势之一。由于钠离子的溶剂化能更低、在电解液中扩散能力更强，以及电解液凝固点更低等特性，钠离子电池在低温环境下仍能保持优异的充放电性能。\n　　以天行II轻商低温版为例，在零下30℃，即使电芯完全冻透下，可即插即充；在零下20℃，电池依然保有92%以上的可用电量。\n　　而在东北或西北等寒冷地区，磷酸铁锂电池虽然标注的续航里程超过500公里，但在零下20℃的环境下，电池容量会降低到80%甚至是60%，严重影响行车体验。\n　　“在零下20℃的低温环境下，钠电池电芯无需额外加热，也无需消耗额外能量进行热管理。此外，钠电池在高倍率放电方面具有显著优势：例如在5C倍率放电时（日常行驶通常不足1C），其温升幅度不超过5℃，这一特性使得钠电池的热管理系统可以设计得更加简洁高效。”在发布会后的采访中，宁德时代首席技术官高焕在接受包括21世纪经济报道在内媒体采访时表示。\n　　因此，钠电池在特定场景中展现出独特优势。例如，在东北、西北等高寒冻土地区，其优异的低温性能具有不可替代的价值。\n　　高焕举例，传统铅酸电池或锂电池在冬季严寒（如零下20℃）环境下，若车辆电量仅剩10%—15%，停放一夜后往往无法启动；而钠电池已在实测中稳定运行至零下30℃，显著提升低温启动可靠性。公司已推出24V启停一体钠电池产品，在实际使用中表现优异。\n　　值得一提的是，钠电池的内阻通常比锂电池大，这意味着在发生内部短路时，瞬时电流更小，产生的热量更少，从而降低了热失控、燃烧或爆炸的风险。\n　　高焕称，在安全性方面，宁德时代第二代钠电池表现突出，即使遭遇锯断、针刺等极端测试，也完全不起火、不爆炸。这一特性使得钠电池在集成成包时可采用简化设计，不仅提升系统安全性，还进一步优化了整体经济性与性能体验。\n　　钠电池并非要全面取代锂电池，但是凭借优异的低温性能、高安全性和长循环寿命，钠电池在储能、商用车、乘用车以及零碳社会建设中将拥有广阔前景，尤其在推动交通与能源领域绿色转型过程中，有望开辟一片天地。\n　　商业化路径演进\n　　尽管优势明显，钠离子电池的商业化之路仍面临能量密度、循环寿命和产业链成熟度等方面的挑战。能量密度是衡量电池性能的核心指标，直接决定了电动汽车的续航里程和储能系统的占地面积。\n　　公开资料显示，第一代量产钠离子电池的单体能量密度普遍在140—160Wh/kg之间，宁德时代等头部企业有望在此基础之上，但与三元锂电池仍有不小的差距，这使得钠电池目前难以满足对续航有严苛要求的高端乘用车市场。\n　　另一方面，与发展了数十年的锂电池相比，钠离子电池的产业链尚处于起步阶段。核心环节存在短板，正极材料中，三大主流技术路线（层状氧化物、聚阴离子、普鲁士蓝）各有优劣，尚未形成绝对主导，产能相对有限。\n　　产业链的成熟度直接影响产品的最终成本和供应稳定性。据GGII数据显示，截至2025年，钠电池的均价0.45元/Wh左右与持续降价的磷酸铁锂电池（约0.3元/Wh）相比，尚未形成压倒性优势。\n　　规模化生产是推动成本下降的关键。\n　　高焕介绍，钠电池成本主要取决于两个方面：一是产业链的成熟程度，二是商业化谈判能力。因此，目前很难给出一个具体的价格数字。但从技术本征来看，钠电池具备天然的成本优势。然而，受限于当前制造规模尚小，尚无法与成熟的锂电体系直接比较。\n　　不过，高焕同样谈道，钠资源相较于锂资源更为丰富、获取更容易，这为实现更自由、更可持续的能源体系提供了可能。钠电池在2026年成本尚难以达到磷酸铁锂同等水平，宁德时代的目标是在未来两到三年内，使钠电池在经济性上超越当前的锂离子电池。\n　　因此，钠离子电池的商业化并非对锂电池市场的全面颠覆，而是一个循序渐进、场景渗透的过程。2026年是其从示范应用走向规模化量产的关键转折点。\n　　鉴于钠电池目前仍处于产业化初期，成本和产能均处于起步阶段，高焕透露，公司正与战略合作伙伴携手，在正极材料、制造工艺、专用设备等关键环节进行前瞻性布局。随着量产规模逐步扩大，整个产业链有望加速跟进和完善。\n　　宁德时代商用产品线STO彭彬谈道，宁德时代有几代钠电产品，通过系统创新，商用车场景针对不同的定制化场景，在不同方案场景下让全生命周期成本更优。\n　　（作者：林典驰 编辑：巫燕玲）\n\n\n海量资讯、精准解读，尽在新浪财经APP\n\n责任编辑：宋雅芳","kind":"news","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"0","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":0,"need_auth":false,"code":"91000000","status":"200"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false},"APP":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; 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