星链疯狂扩张后，马斯克SpaceX宣布史上最大卫星降轨行动

智通财经网01-02

近年来，随着低轨道地球卫星数量的迅猛增长，地球轨道日益拥挤，太空安全问题正在凸显。北京时间今日凌晨，马斯克旗下美国太空探索技术公司(SpaceX)宣布，将降低数千颗“星链”(Starlink)卫星的轨道高度，以降低碰撞风险。“星链”工程副总裁迈克尔·尼科尔斯表示，公司正“启动卫星星座重大重组计划”，将所有目前运行在约550公里(342英里)高度的卫星，降低至约480公里(298英里)轨道。此举旨在...

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history","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":null,"symbols_score_info":{"TSYW.SI":0.6,"SPCE":1.86,"UFO":0.6},"content_text":"近年来，随着低轨道地球卫星数量的迅猛增长，地球轨道日益拥挤，太空安全问题正在凸显。北京时间今日凌晨，马斯克旗下美国太空探索技术公司(SpaceX)宣布，将降低数千颗“星链”(Starlink)卫星的轨道高度，以降低碰撞风险。“星链”工程副总裁迈克尔·尼科尔斯表示，公司正“启动卫星星座重大重组计划”，将所有目前运行在约550公里(342英里)高度的卫星，降低至约480公里(298英里)轨道。此举旨在把卫星转移到更不拥挤的轨道层，降低碰撞风险，并能在卫星发生异常或失效时，让卫星更快地脱离轨道、进入大气层烧毁，从而减少太空垃圾的产生。据尼科尔斯透露，今年内约有4400颗星链卫星将参与此次轨道高度下调。除了为卫星运行创造一个相对更安全、更可控的空间，尼科尔斯指出，此次调整还与太阳活动周期密切相关。太阳活动大约以11年为一个周期，活动强弱会直接影响地球高层大气的密度。下一个太阳活动极小期预计出现在在2030年代初，随着太阳活动极小期的临近，高层大气密度将降低，这意味着卫星在相同高度下的自然轨道衰减时间将延长。通过降低轨道高度，可在太阳活动极小期，将原本可能长达四年以上的轨道衰减时间，缩短至数月，轨道衰减速率提升超过80%。此外，降低卫星轨道高度理论上还能降低延迟，但由于并非所有延迟都源于卫星距离，70公里轨道高度变化的延迟改善非常有限。值得注意的是，这次轨道高度下调的背景并不平静。据CCTV国际时讯，当地时间12月29日，中国代表在低轨道地球卫星问题安理会阿里亚模式会议上发言时表示，个别国家的商业卫星星座肆意扩张，缺乏有效监管，带来显著安全挑战。以马斯克公司旗下的“星链”项目为例，“星链”在轨卫星超1万颗，曾两次迫近中国空间站致紧急避碰。近期，一颗卫星解体产生100多枚碎片，严重威胁缺乏控轨能力的发展中国家航天器。此前，SpaceX确认其一颗星链卫星发生异常，可能源于内部小型爆炸，导致推进剂储罐泄漏，半长轴快速衰减约4公里(2.5英里)，并释放出碎片。从整体数据来看，低地球轨道正变得前所未有地拥挤。去年，SpaceX通过121次发射任务新增了3000多颗卫星，几乎平均每三天就有一颗新卫星升空。根据世界经济论坛2024年的报告，未来十年内，低轨道地球卫星数量预计还将增长190%。一旦卫星发生碰撞或爆炸，产生的大量碎片会散布到整个轨道上。这些太空垃圾增加了后续发生碰撞的风险，威胁着现役卫星和未来的航天任务，甚至可能触发“凯斯勒综合症”。“凯斯勒综合症”是美国宇航局一位科学家提出的理论，他认为一旦太空垃圾达到临界点后，碰撞就可能引发连锁反应，产生更多碎片，导致部分轨道变得无法使用。本文转自“财联社”，作者：朱凌，智通财经编辑：李程","kind":"highlight","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"1","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"isVideo":false,"video":null,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":1,"need_auth":false,"need_login_tip":false,"code":"91000000","status":"200"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false},"APP":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 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