揭秘特斯拉门把手设计：十年前决策埋下安全隐患马斯克学苹果要求电动控制

凤凰网科技2025-12-23

马斯克主张车门要电动控制凤凰网科技讯北京时间12月23日，据彭博社报道，随着世界三大洲的监管机构开始审查电动车门的安全性，特斯拉公司正在面对近十年前决策所带来的后果。2016年初，特斯拉的设计与工程团队正争分夺秒地敲定Model 3的最终设计。这款面向大众市场的轿车旨在帮助特斯拉从高端电动车的小众制造商转型为全球最有价值的汽车公司。然而，车门的开启方式问题始终困扰着整个开发进程。据多位参与讨论的...

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INC"},"translate_title":"Revealing Tesla's door handle design: Decisions ten years ago laid safety hazards, Musk imitated Apple's request for electric control","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":null,"symbols_score_info":{"MACW.SI":0.6,"TSLA":1.97,"UFO":0.6,"TSYW.SI":0.6},"content_text":"马斯克主张车门要电动控制凤凰网科技讯 北京时间12月23日，据彭博社报道，随着世界三大洲的监管机构开始审查电动车门的安全性，特斯拉公司正在面对近十年前决策所带来的后果。2016年初，特斯拉的设计与工程团队正争分夺秒地敲定Model 3的最终设计。这款面向大众市场的轿车旨在帮助特斯拉从高端电动车的小众制造商转型为全球最有价值的汽车公司。然而，车门的开启方式问题始终困扰着整个开发进程。据多位参与讨论的知情人士透露，特斯拉为此在加州帕洛阿尔托和洛杉矶郊区的霍桑举行了一系列会议。特斯拉CEO埃隆·马斯克(Elon Musk)参与了其中部分会议。一些工程师主张采用机械式门把手，并对电动系统的潜在安全隐患提出了担忧。当时，特斯拉刚推出的Model X SUV已经因为车门传感器故障收到了大量客户投诉。知情人士称，马斯克的指示非常明确：新车上的几乎所有功能都应通过按按钮或轻触触控屏来实现电控，包括车门。这些人士称，马斯克欣赏苹果公司打造的那种简单、由软件驱动的触控屏界面，其易用性远超按键密集的黑莓智能手机。他希望Model 3也能拥有类似的未来感设计。这种极简哲学要求设计师尽可能去掉产品中可能损坏或失灵的每一个部件，通过马斯克在一次会议中的一句话中得到了集中体现：“最好的部件就是没有任何部件。”特斯拉在设计Model 3时就门把手产生过争执特斯拉对于电动车门的讨论细节，包括马斯克在其中扮演的角色，此前未曾被报道过。这位CEO事无巨细地参与决策在当时并不罕见，尤其是在公司艰难的创业时期。他有时睡在工厂地板上，以彰显其亲力亲为的风格，这已经众人皆知。特斯拉在重新定义车门把手的外观和功能方面有很大的发挥空间，因为当时美国对电动控制并没有明确的规定。然而，多年后，这些早期决策的后果正在显现。特斯拉的车门由低压电池供电，这种电池可能失效，尤其是在碰撞事故后，从而阻碍救援，或将不熟悉或无法触碰到机械应急开关的乘客困在车内。彭博社报道称，车门失灵的情况有时会造成严重伤害，并引发数百名消费者向美国国家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)投诉，该机构目前已就此对特斯拉展开调查。中国相关部门正在考虑禁止齐平式门把手。欧洲监管机构也表示，他们正优先制定有关电动车门的法规。这种电动车门存在于特斯拉所有车型上，并已在整个汽车行业推广开来。根据彭博社的调查分析，在过去十年的12起事故中，美国至少有15人因特斯拉车门无法打开而丧生。更少的部件，更低的成本据知情人士透露，在近十年前的那些讨论中，主动电动车门控制的并非只有马斯克一人。这背后的考量超越了美学范畴：摒弃传统门把手意味着部件更少，从而降低成本。对于一款特斯拉承诺以大约现有车型一半价格出售的电动车来说，这一点至关重要。两位知情人士称，对设计师而言，这种设计还有符合人体工学的好处。车内的按钮开门装置可以设置在扶手顶部，正好对应驾驶员开门时自然放置手的位置，这被视为对大多数汽车机械式开门方式的一种改进。知情人士称，在确定使用电动车门系统后，特斯拉的评审会议便转向了如何最大程度地降低潜在安全风险。该会议通常在帕洛阿尔托于周中举行，在霍桑于周五举行。车辆将配备手动释放转装置，以便在为车门供电的12伏电池失效时提供另一种开启方式。但是，特斯拉内部就是否需要在后排座椅安装机械门锁存在争论。美国法规对现代汽车设计的更新较慢，并未强制要求后排安装机械门锁。根据特斯拉用户手册，Model 3的初期版本仅在前门装有手动释放装置，后续年份的车型才在后门增加了释放装置。Model 3门把手虽然机械释放装置在紧急情况下至关重要，但特斯拉的设计受到批评。这些释放装置通常没有标识，在不同车型中位置各异，有时还难以触及，例如在车门储物槽内。此外，对于儿童、老年人或行动不便者来说，使用起来可能并不容易。知情人士称，特斯拉原计划作为车辆使用讲解的一部分，让面向客户的员工在交车时向买家说明手动释放装置的位置，但这一计划在多大程度上得到落实尚不清楚。马斯克的极简理念马斯克对传统门把手的抵触，与他公开信奉的极简主义理念一脉相承。在2023年出版的马斯克传记中，作者沃尔特·艾萨克森(Walter Isaacson)阐述了马斯克管理其众多企业的“算法”，其中列出的步骤包括：质疑每一项要求，甚至包括安全部门提出的要求，并尽可能去除任何部件或流程。这种策略有时会适得其反。在2021年发布高性能版Model S轿车时，马斯克曾大力宣扬公司决定移除这款售价129,990美元车辆的转向灯拨杆和换挡杆。虽然驾驶员仍可通过方向盘上的按钮打转向灯，并通过点击中控触摸屏换挡，但马斯克却提出了一个离奇的观点。“我认为，总的来说，所有输入都是错误的。如果车辆本可以自动完成某项操作，而你却需要手动干预，那就该由软件处理，”马斯克表示，“特斯拉将不断减少你需要进行的操作，直到汽车能够读懂你的意图。”特斯拉随后将这一设计变革扩大至其他车型，但遭到许多车主的批评，并导致特斯拉在J.D. Power备受关注的车辆质量调查中排名下滑。今年，该公司在改款的Model Y中重新引入了转向灯拨杆，并为希望加装拨杆的客户提供改装服务，不过收费高达595美元。“我们在特斯拉常说，如果你删减得不够彻底，以至于还需要把某些东西加回来，那说明你删得还不够多，”特斯拉高级副总裁拉斯·莫拉维(Lars Moravy)今年2月在《杰·雷诺的车库》节目中说，“好吧，也许我们这次删过头了。”特斯拉曾表示，任何与车门相关的问题都是整个行业普遍存在的，并非该公司独有。尽管如此，这家汽车制造商仍在探索改进方案，例如研究如何在电池电压过低时自动解锁车门，以及在电池耗尽前几分钟自动释放车门。“与其他汽车公司不同，我们不会等到车型改款或换代时才为车辆增添新功能，”特斯拉董事长罗宾·丹霍姆(Robyn Denholm)今年10月在彭博社纽约总部接受采访时表示，“如果有提升安全性的方法，我们会立即将其投入生产。”据知情人士透露，在Model Y SUV发布之前，关于车门技术的疑问在特斯拉内部再次被提出。自2020年上市以来，Model Y一直是全球最畅销的电动车型之一，它也采用了与Model 3设计相似的电动车门控制系统。目前尚不清楚马斯克是否知晓随后几年消费者向美国监管机构提交的投诉。自十多年前承认特斯拉Model S轿车\"花哨门把手\"存在故障后，他很少就这个话题公开发表评论。“门把手传感器偶尔会发生故障，所以你拉门把手时，车门可能打不开，”马斯克在2013年的一次财报电话会议上描述修复该问题的努力时表示，“显然，这对客户来说相当恼人。”(作者/箫雨)更多一手新闻，欢迎下载凤凰新闻客户端订阅凤凰网科技。想看深度报道，请微信搜索“凤凰网科技”。","kind":"news","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"-1","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"isVideo":false,"video":null,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":0,"need_auth":false,"code":"91000000","status":"200"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false},"APP":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)","isDev":false,"isTTM":false,"tenantId":"TBCN","deviceId":"web-server-community-laohu8-v3","version":"4.39.0","shortVersion":"4.39.0","platform":"web","vendor":"web","appName":"laohu8","isIOS":false,"isAndroid":false,"isTiger":false,"isTHS":false,"isWeiXin":false,"isWeiXinMini":false,"isWeiBo":false,"isQQ":false,"isBaiduSwan":false,"isBaiduBox":false,"isDingTalk":false,"isToutiao":false,"isOnePlus":false,"isHuaWei":false,"isXiaomi":false,"isXiaomiWebView":false,"isOppo":false,"isVivo":false,"isSamsung":false,"isMobile":false},"href":"/m/news/2593450514","isCrawlerRequest":true}

揭秘特斯拉门把手设计：十年前决策埋下安全隐患 马斯克学苹果要求电动控制

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揭秘特斯拉门把手设计：十年前决策埋下安全隐患马斯克学苹果要求电动控制