中国石化开发出新型高效微波浸渍技术

化工新型材料2025-12-16

点击"化工新型材料"关注我们研究背景石油化工生产过程中难以避免的油水、油汽泄漏，对生态环境构成严重威胁，亟需发展高效且成本可控的治理技术。密胺海绵基疏水多孔吸附材料（highly hydrophobic melamine sponge，简称HMMS）作为一种性能优异的吸附材料，在处理此类泄漏中展现出良好的应用潜力。目前HMMS的制备方法主要包括直接碳化法、浸渍法和原位改性法等，虽在油水分离方面表现...

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mol/L）和微波的共同作用下仅需4分钟，即可制得水接触角高达146.3°的HMMS，改性体系成本低、易获取。所制备的HMMS具备优异的油水分离性能，饱和吸附量最高达149 g/g，油水选择性吸附率为95.9%，重复使用15次后性能衰减仅5%。此外，其在油汽分离方面表现突出，24小时拦截率超过99.5%，144小时仍能保持在98%以上。该微波高效浸渍技术为HMMS在含油废水处理与油汽回收等实际场景的推广应用提供了重要技术支撑。图文导读图1 高效微波浸渍法制备HHMS的技术原理和工艺流程图图2 （a）HHMS-0.05-4在不同应变（20%、40%、60%和80%）下的压缩应力-应变曲线（b）HHMS-0.05-4在60%应变下进行 30 次循环的循环应力-应变曲线；HHMS-0.05-4在不同pH值（c）和不同氯化钠浓度（d）的溶液中浸泡24小时后的接触角图3 HHMS对气态正己烷和正戊烷的吸附与脱附实验（a）和（b），（c）HHMS对油汽的长期吸附数据 （d）HHMS拦截油汽的机理示意图结  论本研究采用高效微波浸渍法成功构建了疏水表面。所制备的HHMS-0.05-4具备优异的综合性能：其饱和吸附量可达自身重量的149倍，在15次吸附-脱附循环后仍能保持95%以上的初始吸附容量，展现出良好的结构稳定性与循环使用性能。在油水分离方面，该材料在静态与动态条件下均表现出高选择性。此外，在长达144小时的油汽拦截实验中，其拦截效率始终维持在95%以上。该方法工艺简单、反应迅速、成本低廉，具备良好的规模化生产潜力。高效微波浸渍法得到的HHMS为大规模溢油应急处理与含油污染治理提供了一种高效、经济的技术路径，在环境修复领域具有广阔的应用前景。","kind":"news","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"1","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":1,"need_auth":false,"code":"91000000","status":"200"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false},"APP":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; 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