“特斯拉劲敌”推出首款AI芯片，将在电动车型中取代英伟达？

中国汽车报网2025-12-15

12月12日，据报道，“特斯拉劲敌”Rivian宣布推出首款定制人工智能芯片，用于在未来车型中取代英伟达产品，其AI平台的性能是之前款式英伟达系统的四倍。自研芯片有何用意此次，美国电动汽车新势力Rivian以其自主研发的Rivian Autonomy Processor 1（RAP1）芯片正式亮相，并宣布将在即将推出的R2 SUV车型中全面取代英伟达处理器，同时推出低价订阅制驾驶辅助服务“...

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3系统，每秒可处理50亿像素数据，性能是现役英伟达方案的四倍。Rivian方面表示，自研芯片是“实现L4级自动驾驶的关键转折点”。此前，Rivian依赖英伟达方案仅能提供L2级辅助驾驶，而RAP1与激光雷达的协同将推动其向“免手驾驶”高级别自动驾驶迈进。更深层的目的在于垂直整合降本，通过消除供应商利润，规模化生产后成本可大幅下降。同时，自研芯片与AI模型、传感器深度绑定，形成“数据采集-算法优化-硬件迭代”的闭环。而被对标的特斯拉也并没闲着，特斯拉自研的AI5芯片计划2027年量产，采用3纳米制程工艺，算力达2000-2500TOPS，是现款HW4芯片的5倍。其“半掩模版设计”简化生产流程，良品率提升30%，成本降低40%。更关键的是，AI5将统一汽车与机器人（Optimus）的算力平台，形成跨场景生态。把握机遇成为核心在Rivian的芯片自研计划之外，全球多地的车企掀起的自研芯片浪潮正汹涌澎湃，各大车企纷纷布局，在这场芯片竞赛中各显神通，从美国到欧洲，再到日韩，自研芯片已成为车企在智能化赛道上抢占先机的关键战略。美国车企在这场浪潮中表现得尤为积极。特斯拉，作为电动汽车和自动驾驶领域的领军者，在芯片自研方面更是成果斐然。其FSD芯片已成功迭代至第三代，算力飙升至1000TOPS，这一算力水平在行业内处于领先地位。特斯拉凭借FSD芯片，坚定地推行其纯视觉自动驾驶方案。在纯视觉方案中，芯片需要对摄像头采集到的大量图像数据进行快速、准确的分析和处理，FSD芯片强大的算力为这一过程提供了有力支持，使得特斯拉在自动驾驶技术的发展上始终保持着领先优势，为用户带来更加智能、便捷的驾驶体验。欧洲车企也不甘落后。舆论指出，这场席卷全球的车企自研芯片浪潮，并非偶然，而是由供应链安全、成本与效率、差异化竞争三大核心因素共同驱动的必然选择。成本与效率，是车企在市场竞争中必须考虑的关键因素。随着芯片技术的不断发展，芯片成本也在不断攀升。为了降低成本，提高产品的市场竞争力，车企纷纷将目光投向自研芯片。自研芯片能够有效降低30%-50%的硬件成本，为车企节省大量的资金。自研芯片在算力密度上的优势，能够带来算法效率的飞跃。特斯拉FSD芯片的应用，使得NOA（Navigate on Autopilot）功能的响应速度较外购方案快200ms，这一提升不仅提高了驾驶的安全性，还为用户带来了更加流畅、便捷的驾驶体验。有行业人士指出，在电动化逐渐成为行业标配的今天，如何在激烈的市场竞争中脱颖而出，实现差异化竞争，成为车企们面临的重要课题。芯片自研，成为了车企们打造技术壁垒的核心手段。Rivian的“自动驾驶大模型”与芯片的协同优化，使得车辆在城市复杂路口的通过率提升了40%，这一数据直观地展示了芯片自研带来的技术优势。重构产业价值体系有舆论认为，在汽车产业变革中，传统车企长期依赖Tier1供应商模式。然而，随着汽车智能化时代的到来，这种模式的局限性日益凸显，车企开始意识到，要在激烈的市场竞争中占据优势，必须从“硬件组装”向“软硬一体”的模式转型，而自研芯片正是这一转型的关键突破口。Rivian的自研芯片，其目标是构建起一个高度协同的智能生态系统。在这个系统中，芯片作为核心大脑，快速处理激光雷达采集的环境数据，为AI语音助手提供准确的决策依据，实现了硬件与软件的无缝对接。这种转型不仅提升了车辆的智能化水平，更容易为车企带来新的盈利增长点。从硬件层面来看，通过自研芯片，Rivian 能够有效控制成本，提高硬件的毛利率，增强了产品的市场竞争力。从软件层面出发，Autonomy 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