维修成本是燃油车2倍多，新能源车为何修不起？

中国能源网12-11

花12万多元买了一辆新能源车不到2个月，陈先生就遇到烦心事：他的车不小心剐蹭到树干，左前轮胎上方有一点小伤变形，结果维修要换好几个零件，定损近6000元。他不理解为什么费用会这么高？“买得起、修不起”“小故障动辄上千，大维修堪比半辆车价”“充电省的钱都用来维修了”，遇到类似烦心事的新能源车主不在少数。新京报贝壳财经记者走访多家汽修店，并对车主、车企、维修技师等多方采访发现，一方面，新能源汽车维修贵...

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href=http://gu.qq.com/resources/shy/news/detail-v2/index.html#/?id=nesSN20251211100650a730f345&s=b><strong>中国能源网</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>花12万多元买了一辆新能源车不到2个月，陈先生就遇到烦心事：他的车不小心剐蹭到树干，左前轮胎上方有一点小伤变形，结果维修要换好几个零件，定损近6000元。他不理解为什么费用会这么高？“买得起、修不起”“小故障动辄上千，大维修堪比半辆车价”“充电省的钱都用来维修了”，遇到类似烦心事的新能源车主不在少数。新京报贝壳财经记者走访多家汽修店，并对车主、车企、维修技师等多方采访发现，一方面，新能源汽车维修贵...</p>\n\n<a href=\"http://gu.qq.com/resources/shy/news/detail-v2/index.html#/?id=nesSN20251211100650a730f345&s=b\">网页链接</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","isBrief":false,"type":0,"news_type":1,"symbol":"BK4585","symbol_name":"ETF&股票定投概念","start_time":0,"source_url":"http://gu.qq.com/resources/shy/news/detail-v2/index.html#/?id=nesSN20251211100650a730f345&s=b","article_id":"2590568036","we_media_id":null,"thumbnails":[],"rights":{"source":"tencent","url":"http://gu.qq.com/resources/shy/news/detail-v2/index.html#/?id=nesSN20251211100650a730f345&s=b","rn_cache_url":null,"customStyle":"body{padding-top:10px;}#news_title{font-weight:bold;#titleStyle#;}#news_description span{font-size:12px;#descriptionStyle#;}.footer-note{#statement#}","selectors":".mod-LoadTzbdNews, body","filters":".relate-stock, .hot-list, .recom-box, 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Why can't new energy vehicles be repaired?","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":null,"symbols_score_info":{"BEKE":0.82,"TSYW.SI":0.6,"TSLA":0.9},"content_text":"花12万多元买了一辆新能源车不到2个月，陈先生就遇到烦心事：他的车不小心剐蹭到树干，左前轮胎上方有一点小伤变形，结果维修要换好几个零件，定损近6000元。他不理解为什么费用会这么高？“买得起、修不起”“小故障动辄上千，大维修堪比半辆车价”“充电省的钱都用来维修了”，遇到类似烦心事的新能源车主不在少数。新京报贝壳财经记者走访多家汽修店，并对车主、车企、维修技师等多方采访发现，一方面，新能源汽车维修贵、维修难，成了车主们普遍的焦虑。有专业公司向记者提供的调查数据显示，轻微剐蹭时新能源车的维修成本是燃油车的2-2.5倍。涉及电池、电机维修，成本还会高出更多。另一方面，目前全国获证新能源维修技师不足10万人，新能源汽车售后服务人才的缺口约84.2万人。维修技术门槛高、维修渠道垄断、维修师傅缺口大等一系列现实而尖锐的问题摆在面前。修不起、不敢修、缺人修的尴尬处境，成为横亘在新能源汽车行业快速增长与用户体验之间的“隐形门槛”。正在维修的新能源汽车。受访者供图价格高：动辄数千元甚至万元，维修成本比燃油车高不少特斯拉Model 3车主徐先生被追尾，后备箱盖出现一条约10厘米的轻伤裂纹，返厂维修后被告知需要换后备箱盖，费用将近2万元。同为特斯拉车主的董先生也吐槽，车尾右侧被三轮车剐蹭但并不严重，维修费也将近1万元。新京报贝壳财经记者采访了数十位新能源汽车车主，他们普遍反映新能源汽车维修比传统燃油车高出很多。这些车主说，相比传统燃油车，新能源汽车的保养频次和费用是比较低的，日常养车主要是充电。不过，新能源车的维修和保险却是一笔不菲的支出。“不到15万元的车只换保险杠喷漆就花了大几千元”“一块不是很明显的划痕，维修就要3000多”“13万元的车蹭了一下到4S店检修，一个前大灯维修就花了6000多元”“后保险杠剐蹭，4S店只换不修，维修费要将近4000元”。如果维修涉及电池底盘等，费用会更高。有车主吐槽，“不到20万元的车更换前保险杠，左前门、左A柱以及左后视镜等，维修费就要3万多”“右前大灯下方剐蹭，检修后判定需更换前保险杠、前进气格栅、右侧大灯总成、右前轮内衬等，总费用2万多”“开极狐阿尔法T5时底盘碰到障碍物，造成底盘剐蹭凹陷，4S店判断无法单独更换底板，需要更换整个电池总成，费用要上万元”。有欧拉好猫、宝马i3等车主更是抱怨，“新能源车动不动就要换总成，底盘剐蹭碰到就有换电池总成的风险”。“小伤大修、换而不修”，高昂的维修费让新能源车主有苦说不出。J.D. Power中国区数字化零售咨询事业部总经理谢娟向新京报贝壳财经记者给出这样一组数据：公司通过调查2-12个月车龄新能源车主，轻微剐蹭时新能源车的维修成本是燃油车的2-2.5倍。如果涉及电池、电机，成本会高出更多。比如更换电池，平均价格就占了整车的51%。从个案上看，在成都从事新能源汽车维修的王师傅还证实，相同剐蹭情况下，如果在4S店维修，同样价格带的新能源汽车的维修费用比燃油车多出50%左右。青岛的曹师傅也认为，在相同的剐蹭下，新能源汽车的维修费用至少比燃油车贵百分之二三十，主要贵在高压部分。不单单是新能源汽车维修贵，维修后的新能源车保险也贵。多位新能源车主反映，去年出过险，今年车险就高了不少。平安保险工作人员小张向新京报贝壳财经记者解释，以前是看出险次数，现在实行评分制看的是评分，评分与出险次数、车辆零整比、车主年龄、驾驶年限、车辆市场价值以及车辆市场出险率等因素有关，即便没出险也可能涨价。集成度高：核心零部件成本高为何新能源汽车维修这么贵？谢娟举例说，新能源汽车有很多新技术配置以及三电系统，导致维修成本高。比如新能源汽车发生剐蹭事故，车身周边有非常多的激光雷达等设备，更换起来成本必然高。中国汽车维修行业协会汽车维修配件分会工作委员会常务副秘书长杨明久对新京报贝壳财经记者分析，新能源汽车维修贵有多方面因素，一是核心零部件成本高，比如三电系统，成本占整车的50%以上。如果动力电池更换，其零整比（整车所有装车配件的价格总和与整车指导销售价格的比值）非常大。二是在智能化浪潮下，激光雷达、传感器等精密零部件单件维修费在万元左右，而事故中最容易损坏的就是这些零部件。三是新能源汽车集成度高，有些情况下只换不修。例如一体化底盘，一旦出现问题就只能换。四是配件垄断，主机厂和电池厂控制着主要配件的流通，外部维修厂很难获取授权配件。多位新能源汽车维修师傅也证实确实如此。环京地区的杨师傅坦言，配件渠道少，技术不开放，特别是涉及电子元器件的配件，要求很高，外部维修厂很难进行维修。成都的王师傅举例提及，一个很小的事故，正常情况下电池包的维修费用在1.5万元-2万元，而如果是电池车身一体化的，维修费用就要在2万元-3万元。曹师傅从2005年开始修车，从油车转为新能源车维修已有9年时间。其所在的维修厂承接不少新能源网约车，他曾遇到过一辆新能源网约车整个线路板和电脑全烧了，维修成本大概是3万多，“新能源汽车电子件多，相对来讲工艺会更复杂”。更换电芯的电池包。受访者供图对于新能源汽车电池的维修更换成本，王师傅以其正维修的一辆新能源物流车为例，如果换整个新电池包，成本大概是9万多；如果更换二手包，成本大概是4万多；重新用模组组成的话，成本大概是2.7万元-2.8万元。他解释称，有些事故车相对比较新，车身损坏而电池包是好的，因此会进行互换电池包（二手包）或者互换电芯模组，这样成本是换新电池包的40%-50%。不敢修：维修渠道少且涉垄断新能源汽车维修贵背后，反映了新能源汽车维修的归属权。很多车主想到第三方修理厂维修，但这中间有一个“拦路虎”。新京报贝壳财经记者查阅多家新能源汽车品牌的用户手册发现，其中提到若车辆未按照保养计划进行定期保养，由此引发的故障，车企将不再承担相关三包责任。很多车主因此担心影响质保，不敢到第三方维修厂维修。谢娟表示，有些新能源厂家涉及三电核心系统时会给车主一些权益，但也会有要求。去外部修理厂维修，可能导致所享受的这些权益失效。比如一些品牌给首任车主额外的终身质保，但前提是要全程在官方渠道保养和维修，否则会脱保。在杨明久看来，新能源汽车维修行业确实存在一些垄断情况。燃油车有诸如汽配城这样的独立售后体系，这让燃油车的整个售后体系基本是平衡状态。而新能源汽车售后并非如此，主机厂对配件拥有支配地位，只有主机厂或电池厂授权，第三方才有权维修，此外维修技术信息的公开做得也还不太好。维修师傅在维修进水的电池包。受访者供图“像哪咤、威马等一些倒下的汽车品牌，很难找到对应品牌车型的零部件，这也会导致维修贵。”曹师傅说。几位车企内部人士对新京报贝壳财经记者透露，随着电动化和智能化的发展，车辆电子元件增加很多且复杂多样，电子架构集成度高，不同品牌车型之间差异较大。此前维修传统燃油车，技师的维修技能可以通用各个品牌各个车型，而现在无法这样。也有车企人士说，三电系统涉及安全问题，车企对自己的三电系统等核心零部件是最了解的，维修更为安全。缺人修：新能源车维修技师缺口80多万新能源维修技师短缺，也是新能源汽车维修难的一个重要原因。新京报贝壳财经记者走访北京、河北等汽配维修城、独立汽修店，正在修或等待修的车型以燃油车为主，在询问是否可以维修新能源车时，一些师傅直接拒绝，说“修不了”，也有人在了解到并非补漆等简单问题后，建议去专门的店铺。在一些新能源汽车维修店里，只有几位维修技师能处理新能源汽车问题，有的师傅仅会应对简单事宜。“修新能源汽车要经过系统专业的培训，至少要知道如何保证自身安全。”王师傅更是坦言，新能源汽车动不动是高压电，不注意的话很容易伤人，很多能修燃油车的老师傅都不敢碰新能源汽车。曹师傅和王师傅都是从燃油车维修技师转型做新能源汽车维修技师的。在他们看来，新能源汽车维修存在技术壁垒，对于电子模块控制器、激光雷达等精密零部件，维修技术门槛高且需要一定的文化水平。谢娟对新京报贝壳财经记者直言，目前新能源汽车售后服务人才缺口大概是84.2万人。这么大的缺口说明外部维修厂技术参差不齐，从车辆整体性尤其是安全性保护的角度讲，新能源车是高度集成的智能终端，官方维修过程相对严谨，遵守相关安全规范和数据协议。杨明久还提及，目前全国获证维修技师不足10万人，传统机修师傅的知识结构难以适应高压电控、软件诊断等新技术要求，培养复合型技师需要时间和系统化培训。中国汽车人才研究会秘书长李喆乐对新京报贝壳财经记者表示，行业极缺新能源汽车维修技师，传统燃油车维修技师的转型需要进行技术层面的调整。此外，新能源汽车维修人才的覆盖也和新能源汽车的城市市占率有关。“人才培养不是一蹴而就，要通过市场行为不断去调节纠正。”有新能源汽车品牌4S店工作人员还透露，新能源汽车维修技师的招聘难度确实要比燃油车维修技师大一些，新能源车维修师必须有电工证和技师证才可以上岗，有一定技术门槛，还要经过厂家培训和考核。技术提升：建议建立汽车服务数据中台我国新能源汽车从2020年开始进入大规模普及阶段，维修网点的建设、人才的培养等方面存在一定滞后性。“新能源售后服务是滞后于新能源汽车产业发展的。”杨明久表示，作为汽车生命周期的重要环节，如果售后发展不是良性的，会影响消费欲望。他建议要推进前置性的政策引导，避免市场出现混乱和不透明的情况。可建设行业数据共享平台，建立市级甚至全国性的汽车服务数据中台。在保证数据安全和隐私的前提下，推动车机数据的有条件共享。此外优化布局，加强区域协同，建立全国统一的配件流通物流网络，推动技术标准和服务规范的下沉。谢娟则指出，新能源汽车维修难是行业高速发展中面临的挑战，需要寻找一个解决方案，发展新的商业模式。从长远来看，新能源汽车维修价格趋势是走低的，这需要车企品牌在技术及配件价格透明化、服务网络多元化等方面持续进步。只有让消费者感到省心可控，才能毫无顾虑地拥抱新能源车。业内看来，目前新能源汽车维修售后市场的发展状况和早期燃油车时代接近。燃油车经过了一番博弈才打破相对垄断的局面，形成4S店、授权店以及外部第三方维修厂等相对平衡的状态，今后新能源汽车维修售后也必然需要形成平衡的体系。","kind":"news","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"0","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":0,"need_auth":false,"code":"91000000","status":"200"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false},"APP":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)","isDev":false,"isTTM":false,"deviceId":"web-server-community-laohu8-v3","version":"4.35.12","shortVersion":"4.35.12","platform":"web","vendor":"web","appName":"laohu8","isIOS":false,"isAndroid":false,"isTiger":false,"isTHS":false,"isWeiXin":false,"isWeiXinMini":false,"isWeiBo":false,"isQQ":false,"isBaiduSwan":false,"isBaiduBox":false,"isDingTalk":false,"isToutiao":false,"isOnePlus":false,"isHuaWei":false,"isXiaomi":false,"isXiaomiWebView":false,"isOppo":false,"isVivo":false,"isSamsung":false,"isMobile":false},"href":"/m/news/2590568036","isCrawlerRequest":true}