AI接管了输入法：昔日的隐私焦虑和新的商业筹码

21世纪经济报道12-09 18:34

21世纪经济报道记者肖潇北京报道输入法这个沉寂多年的老赛道，今年下半年又起了波澜。11月末，字节跳动的豆包输入法结束内测，正式上架安卓和苹果应用商店；大模型六小虎的智谱，最近也在AutoGLM中推出了自己的小凹语音输入法。从覆盖面来说，输入法很容易被人忘记是最“国民级”的日常场景。在2020年QuestMobile的中国移动互联网年度大报告里，第三方输入法App的活跃用户规模已达8.82亿，...

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DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY \"C\" (USD) INC","LU2023251221.USD":"ALLIANZ GLOBAL SUSTAINABILITY \"AM\" (USD) INC","LU0861579265.USD":"联博低波幅策略股票基金A"},"translate_title":"AI Takes Over Input Methods: Privacy Anxiety Of The Year And New Business Chips","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":null,"symbols_score_info":{"SOGO":0.63,"09888":0.9,"SOHU":0.9,"MACW.SI":0.6},"content_text":"21世纪经济报道记者肖潇 北京报道输入法这个沉寂多年的老赛道，今年下半年又起了波澜。11月末，字节跳动的豆包输入法结束内测，正式上架安卓和苹果应用商店；大模型六小虎的智谱，最近也在AutoGLM中推出了自己的小凹语音输入法。从覆盖面来说，输入法很容易被人忘记是最“国民级”的日常场景。在2020年QuestMobile的中国移动互联网年度大报告里，第三方输入法App的活跃用户规模已达8.82亿，渗透率高至89.5%。而过去两年里，不管是老玩家搜狗，还是后来者微信，都在输入法场景里持续强化AI功能。但任何一款输入法都绕不开隐私话题。“输入法是目前打破App壁垒，获取全局信息最自然的方式，这种long context（上下文信息）是很可怕的。”一位AI语音从业者向21记者这样形容。如果说过去输入法的最大挑战是商业化，那么在大模型时代，它的角色正在转变：不再追求直接变现，而是为AI输入更多上下文记忆。数据隐私问题随之变得更关键。AI输入法产品现在发展到什么了程度？围绕输入法的隐私担忧，是会被 AI 推得更深，还是有机会被缓解？最近一次激起国内AI输入法水花的是字节跳动。11月24日，字节产品线上多了一款“豆包输入法”的成品，已经正式上架安卓和苹果应用商店。豆包输入法的主打功能是实时语音输入。在键盘上方，“点击说话”被放在显眼的界面位置，接入与豆包同源的语音识别大模型 Seed-ASR。官方介绍能够让语音识别错误率下降约 40%，并能适配普通话、粤语、四川话等多种方言。另一项AI功能是智能联想。官方和媒体多次提到，豆包输入法在键盘输入上也接入了大模型，用AI做联想句和语境预测，相当于把“预测下一个词语”的生成过程用到了输入法上。比如，如果在键盘上打“西游记的作者是谁”，输入法会直接在候选栏回答“吴承恩”。移动数据调研机构Quest Mobile报告显示，豆包已是国内市占率第一的原生AI应用，今年9月的月活用户达到1.72亿，超过1.4亿月活的DeepSeek。尽管在一位接近豆包的行业人士描述中，豆包输入法像是字节庞大C端产品线里的一次随手开发——“用户都说豆包语音识别很准，就希望赶紧出一个输入法”，但一些细节仍能看出输入法设计的谨慎。首先，跟所有输入法一样，使用豆包输入法的第一步是选择基础打字、完整体验两种模式。前者不收集任何数据，后者需要联网收集和处理大量数据，因此苹果用户得手动打开“完全访问”权限才行。根据豆包输入法的隐私政策，完整体验会收集的数据包括：通讯录（优化人名联想）、文字输入（键盘字符串）、语音输入（语音转文字）、剪切板（复制粘贴内容）、上屏部分文字信息和应用场景信息（提供更准确的候选词和联想词）以及设备信息和使用记录。对于语音输入，苹果手机还有着更严格的要求。输入法软件开发者欢马介绍，由于 iOS 的系统限制，只要开启语音输入，苹果就会强制触发多次跳转：每次都会先跳转到输入法 App 提醒“打开麦克风权限”，再跳转回原App 。简单来说，这种限制的目的是让用户明确知道麦克风正被调用，避免在不知情的情况下被输入法“窃听”。但副作用是操作不够顺滑，衔接感稍弱于苹果自己的输入法。（下图：选择免跳转时，苹果会保持提示麦克风权限正被调用）为了减少跳转带来的割裂，豆包输入法也有自己的策略。其设计了“免跳转保持时间”，免跳转默认开启30分钟，最长可以选择“一直保持”，在官网中被重点宣传。不过豆包输入法承诺，只有在用户主动使用语音输入时，才会实际收集数据，不会进行额外的信息获取。21记者使用时看到，开启期间豆包输入法一直拥有麦克风权限，同时苹果灵动岛的小黄点会保持亮起，提示用户“麦克风权限正在使用”。输入法软件开发者欢马向21记者补充道，苹果之所以有严格限制，“一是考虑到隐私安全风险，输入法确实能拿到很多个人信息；二来也因为苹果并不希望把很多能力直接开放给第三方。”除了豆包，目前微信输入法、讯飞输入法、搜狐输入法、百度输入法都有AI语音输入功能，但免跳转的隐私设计各不相同。微信没有提供免跳转功能；讯飞输入法虽有，但默认关闭，用户主动开启后最多维持3小时；搜狐和百度输入法会弹窗引导用户手动打开免跳转，默认保持时间为1分钟。瞄准输入法的不止豆包。眼下AI语音输入的玩家，大致可以分为三类：一类是搜狗、讯飞、百度等传统输入法厂商；一类是豆包和智谱等大模型原生玩家；还有一类是闪电说、Wisper Flow等只做语音输入的垂直创业公司。大模型公司的输入法，更多是服务于 AI 产品的一种零件。拿智谱11月末上线的小凹语音输入法来说，其支持语音实时转写、自动润色成稿和风格表达转换，但没有独立版本，而是内嵌在智谱智能体 AutoGLM 里。创业公司则把突破口放在专业场景和隐私保护上，尤其是办公场景。专门做AI语音输入的美国产品Wispr Flow今年在风投圈频繁刷屏，创始人最近披露，公司 ARR（年度经常性收入）在五个月内增长了十倍，累计融资已达 8100 万美元，估值超过7亿美元。国内切入这一赛道还有闪电说。这款产品强调使用安全私密、完全离线的端侧大模型。但为了提升识别准确度，其也提供了“AI纠错”选项，一旦开启，数据还是需要联网上云。输入法对隐私问题如此敏感，因为这是一个绕不开的行业命门。长期以来，剪贴板和键盘输入内容被认为是隐私泄露的高风险地带。很多人经常疑惑为什么刚在A应用里打了一个词，下一秒便在B应用刷到相关广告，可能性之一就是输入法通过“用户画像”“用户标签”的形式把数据广告变现了。2021年6月，搜狗输入法、讯飞输入法、QQ输入法等15款收入法被通告个人信息收集违规，理由是“违反必要原则，收集了与其提供的服务无关的个人信息”。多家应用商店要求其下架整改。不过，这种情况也在发生变化。随着监管趋严，输入法的数据使用不断收紧，越来越多产品开始强调不再用于个性化广告。21记者查阅了多款产品的《第三方信息共享清单》，其中豆包输入法、微信输入法和闪电说均未出现广告投放商的影子。搜狐输入法也不再提到为个性化广告共享信息，仅接入了名为七巧板的广告工具SDK，“由腾讯提供无法直接识别用户的去身份化的数据，第三方通过自动化方式，自行决策是否下发广告及用于广告业务。”但也不是所有输入法都放弃了广告体系。讯飞输入法在 iOS 端接入了拼多多、穿山甲和优量汇等常见广告联盟SDK，安卓端还包括七小猫、快手广告和爱奇艺广告。百度输入法同样接入了穿山甲、优量汇和倍孜三家广告联盟SDK。广告引起的隐私滥用，本质上是输入法长期未解的一道商业难题，但 AI 的出现正在改变这一底层逻辑。过去，输入法的一大价值被认为是流量入口。前搜狗 CEO 王小川曾提出有名的“三级火箭”理论：输入法本身不能直接赚钱，但可以为搜索引擎、浏览器、电商等盈利业务输血。而进入 AI 时代，LUI（语音交互界面）被看好会取代GUI（图形交互界面），语音输入的价值被重新锚定为大模型操作层入口。Wispr Flow 的投资人就提到，“看好 Wispr 的一点在于它们不满足于只做一款转写输入法，而是力求成为以语音为核心的操作系统。”Wispr Flow 的技术哲学在于，他们认为AI时代的输入不应只是原封不动地转录，还要主动消化说话过程中的犹豫、重复和思维跳跃，目标是实现零编辑率指标（消息不经修改直接发送）。“因为未来的一个挑战是，可能没有屏幕来检查和修改你说的话了。所以，Wispr 最初的使命就是成为一个可以绝对信任、无处不在的助理。”创始人在最新采访中说，要做到这一点，需要输入法具备更强的全局记忆，能连接不同应用中的信息。不难发现，这几乎也是所有智能体追求的方向。从这个角度看，输入法天然具备用户沉淀和打破App壁垒的优势，相当于给超级智能体打基础。“毕竟输入法天然跨平台、跨应用，本质上是一个人的电子副本。以前输入法的瓶颈是商业化，之后我觉得就不会纠结本身能不能变现了，而是能不能为Agent（智能体）提供更多上下文信息。”AI语音初创公司声绘未来创始人孙思宁说。21记者看到，目前输入法都未提供明确的AI 训练授权开关，但普遍有“体验改进计划”。比如搜狗输入法介绍道，如果用户开启，输入内容、语音转写、上屏编辑行为与智能匹配数据，会在去标识化后被用于产品优化。可以说，数据保护仍然是输入法接下来面对的最大挑战，即如何说服用户接受、又如何满足合规要求。“毕竟如果我们每天的输入都能被长期记忆，用于持续优化模型，真的存在所谓隐私可言吗？”孙思宁直言。在孙思宁看来，纯离线的端侧处理方案不现实，产品内存大、计算量大和识别准确率有限都是原因，隐私问题还没有成熟的解决方案。同时，如何从海量信息中提取真正有效的记忆和上下文，也是技术上会面临的发展问题。","kind":"news","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"0","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":0,"need_auth":false,"code":"91000000","status":"200"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false},"APP":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; 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