中美企业竞逐太空AI算力布局轨道数据中心

DoNews2025-11-06

中美科技企业正加速布局太空AI算力基础设施，推动数据中心向近地轨道延伸。本月，由英伟达Inception计划孵化的初创公司Starcloud成功将搭载H100芯片的Starcloud-1卫星送入太空。该卫星重60公斤，尺寸类比小型冰箱，具备与地面数据中心相当的计算能力，专为在轨处理合成孔径雷达（SAR）卫星群数据而设计，实现数据接收、实时处理及结果回传的一体化流程。Starcloud计划于明年启动...

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Suncatcher），拟于2027年初发射两颗搭载TPU的原型卫星，验证分布式机器学习任务在太空环境中的可行性。这些卫星将依赖太阳能供电，并通过自由空间光通信构建星间链路。谷歌研究表明，在低地球轨道（LEO）环境下，若发射成本降至每公斤200美元，则单位电力年均成本可降至810美元/千瓦年，接近当前美国陆地数据中心570至3000美元的成本区间。随着SpaceX等公司持续降低发射单价，预计2035年前有望跌破200美元/公斤；若星舰实现完全复用，成本或可进一步压缩至每公斤60至15美元。太阳能利用效率成为关键优势。据谷歌论文分析，太阳能量输出远超人类总发电量，且在合适轨道上，太阳能板发电效率可达地面的8倍以上，几乎实现连续供电，显著减少储能需求。散热方面，Starcloud采用真空散热架构，借助深空无限散热能力，通过高导热材料将H100产生的热量以红外辐射形式排出。相较依赖淡水冷却的地面数据中心，此方案更具可持续性。在轨数据处理可大幅减轻通信负担。传统模式需将原始数据传回地面运算，占用大量带宽；而在轨计算仅需回传结果，提升整体效率。Starcloud对SAR数据的处理即为此路径实践。谷歌实验显示，现有DWDM模块如400G 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中美企业竞逐太空AI算力 布局轨道数据中心

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中美企业竞逐太空AI算力布局轨道数据中心