2nm芯片，开打价格战

半导体产业纵横2025-09-28

本文由半导体产业纵横（ID：ICVIEWS）综合三星2nm晶圆代工报价降至2万美元。根据DigiTimes报道，为了与台积电2nm（N2）制程竞争，三星已经将其2nm（SF2）制程晶圆的代工报价下调至20000美元。据报道，台积电已将 2nm 制程晶圆价格定为每片约3万美元，并对所有客户实行统一价格。此举对三星来说显然是非常激进的，但可能也是必要的，如果没有获得大的客户采用，仅依靠三星自身的新一代...

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chip, starting a price war","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":null,"symbols_score_info":{"TSYW.SI":0.6,"03145":0.6,"TSM":0.9,"SOXX":0.6,"GAA":1,"SMH":0.6},"content_text":"本文由半导体产业纵横（ID：ICVIEWS）综合三星2nm晶圆代工报价降至2万美元。根据DigiTimes报道，为了与台积电2nm（N2）制程竞争，三星已经将其2nm（SF2）制程晶圆的代工报价下调至20000美元。据报道，台积电已将 2nm 制程晶圆价格定为每片约3万美元，并对所有客户实行统一价格。此举对三星来说显然是非常激进的，但可能也是必要的，如果没有获得大的客户采用，仅依靠三星自身的新一代旗舰Exynos处理器的需求，是无法使其2nm晶圆厂达到合理的产能利用率，如果大部分产能都被限制，也同样会面临巨额的亏损。根据之前的消息显示，三星2nm初期良率低于30%，但是其正全力投入良率的改进，目标是年底将2nm良率提高到70%。再看台积电，得益于存储芯片领域的技术优化，台积电2nm制程自去年7月在新竹宝山晶圆厂风险试产以来，良率从去年底的60%快速攀升至当前的90%（256Mb SRAM）。供应链传出，最近台积电位于高雄楠梓科学园区第一座晶圆厂（F22厂P1）迈入量产新里程碑，月产能在1万片左右。另外，经过近4个月的厂房赶工、建置无尘室等厂务工程后，高雄2nm第二座厂（P2）进入装机阶段，预计今年底前加入试产行列，P1、P2规划今年共可达3.5万片月产能。从3nm节点的初期投产经验看，良率爬坡是一大挑战。但凭借3nm节点200万片晶圆的量产经验，将2nm工艺开发周期压缩至18个月，良率仅用9个月便从30%提升至60%，预计年底将具备每月5万至8万片晶圆的投片能力。此外，台积电收到的2nm工艺流片（芯片设计验证阶段）数量是5nm工艺的四倍，显示出市场对2nm工艺的强烈需求。台积电N2的商用化将全球芯片设计企业推向新一轮“竞速赛”，AMD、英伟达、联发科、高通和苹果等关键客户均已锁定2nm产能。9月初，据韩国媒体ETnews援引业内人士报道称，三星电子晶圆代工部门正在准备量产下一代旗舰级移动处理器Exynos 2600，预计将采用三星自家的2nm制程，这似乎也意味着三星即将解决良率问题。此外，电动汽车大厂特斯拉已与三星于上个月签订了一份价值高达22万亿韩元（约165亿美元）的半导体代工合约。 这项合作的重点是为特斯拉生产名为“AI6”的高性能系统半导体，该芯片预计将利用三星的第二代2nm（SF2P）于2026年在三星美国晶圆厂量产，将广泛应用于特斯拉的下一代全自动驾驶（FSD）系统、机器人以及数据中心等领域。有着特斯拉的助力，三星SF2P的良率有望获得进一步提升。但是，目前三星的第一代2nm制程除了已经曝光的Exynos 2600之外，尚未有其他大客户的选择采用。半导体设计企业在3nm以下的先进工艺中对台积电的依赖程度不断加深，2nm芯片的价格如此高昂，一方面是因为各个环节的成本都在上升，另一方面也是因为台积电在芯片代工行业中，已经形成了事实上的垄断。而台积电产能不足、价格上涨，半导体设计企业对代工厂商多元化的意愿也在不断增强。进入2nm工艺时代后，三星能否成为台积电强有力的对手仍需观望。如今，2nm制程节点正成为决定未来十年全球科技主导权的关键战场。7月，日本芯片制造商Rapidus也宣布启动2nm晶圆测试生产，并计划于2027年在北海道千岁市的IIM-1厂区实现量产。Rapidus此次试产采用全环绕栅极(GAA)晶体管技术，这是当前半导体行业最前沿的制程工艺之一。GAA架构通过三维堆叠设计提升晶体管密度与能效，较传统的FinFET技术更具优势。目前，早期测试晶圆已达到预期，电气特性，临界电压、驱动电流、漏电流等核心参数均符合设计标准。Rapidus的IIM-1厂区自2023年9月动工以来进展顺利，无尘室于2024年完工，截至2025年6月已连接超过200套设备，包括先进的DUV和EUV光刻工具。Rapidus的目标是通过优化器件特性、提升性能与良率，最终实现量产。此次2nm晶圆试产是日本在先进半导体制造领域迈出的关键一步。*声明：本文系原作者创作。文章内容系其个人观点，我方转载仅为分享与讨论，不代表我方赞成或认同，如有异议，请联系后台。","kind":"news","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"-2","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":0,"need_auth":false,"code":"91000000","status":"200"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false},"APP":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 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