我国新型半导体光伏研发实现新突破

环球网2025-07-13

【环球网科技综合报道】7月13日消息，据《科学》（Science）报道，中国科学院长春应用化学研究所科研人员在有机自组装分子设计及其在钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用研究方面取得重要进展。科研团队开发出具有双自由基特性的高效、稳定且分散性优异的自组装空穴传输分子，可显著提升钙钛矿光伏器件的光电转换效率、运行稳定性和大面积加工均匀性。资料显示，钙钛矿太阳能电池具备高效率、低成本和可溶液加工等优势，被认为是...

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CHINA A EQUITIES \"R\" (USD) ACC","BK0188":"融资融券","LU1242518931.SGD":"Fullerton Lux Funds - Asia Absolute Alpha A Acc SGD"},"translate_title":"My country's new semiconductor photovoltaic research and development achieves new breakthroughs","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":null,"symbols_score_info":{"159582":1,"561980":0.9,"601012":0.9,"000688":0.9},"content_text":"【环球网科技综合报道】7月13日消息，据《科学》（Science）报道，中国科学院长春应用化学研究所科研人员在有机自组装分子设计及其在钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用研究方面取得重要进展。科研团队开发出具有双自由基特性的高效、稳定且分散性优异的自组装空穴传输分子，可显著提升钙钛矿光伏器件的光电转换效率、运行稳定性和大面积加工均匀性。资料显示，钙钛矿太阳能电池具备高效率、低成本和可溶液加工等优势，被认为是下一代光伏技术的重要发展方向之一。目前，实验室小面积器件的光电转换效率已与晶硅电池相当，但仍有提升空间。同时，其产业化进程面临瓶颈。一方面，器件中传统空穴传输层制备依赖高成本材料和复杂的成膜工艺，并存在热稳定性和界面接触稳定性不足问题；另一方面，尽管近年来通过引入有机自组装空穴传输分子简化了器件结构并降低了材料成本，但现有自组装分子普遍存在空穴传输能力较弱、组装均匀性差等问题，且在实际工况条件下稳定性不足，导致器件效率快速衰减。此外，自组装分子的大面积均匀成膜技术尚未成熟，制约了组件性能的提升。为此，长春应化所秦川江和王利祥团队提出了创新的双自由基自组装分子设计策略。这一策略通过构建共平面给体-受体共轭结构，在自组装小分子中实现了强自由基特性。实验结果表明，该分子在室温下表现出强烈且稳定的自由基特征，其自旋强度较传统自组装分子高出近三个数量级。这种独特的电子结构显著增强了载流子传输能力。同时，研究人员通过在分子结构中引入位阻基团，稳定了自由基特性，提高了分子的二聚能，抑制了分子堆叠现象，使材料在溶液加工过程中更易于形成大面积均匀的自组装薄膜。因此，双自由基自组装分子在空穴传输性能、化学稳定性及溶液加工性能方面实现了协同优化。进一步，为精确评估自组装分子的性能，周敏团队采用超分辨电化学测试系统，原位表征并验证了双自由基自组装分子的性能优势。研究人员利用扫描电化学液池显微镜-薄层伏安技术，实现了对分子在原位组装态下单分子层载流子传输速率及工作稳定性的量化分析。结果显示，双自由基分子的载流子传输速率是传统材料的两倍以上，并在模拟工况条件下表现出极高的稳定性，优于传统自组装分子。同时，该技术实现了对自组装分子组装密度和大面积均匀性的量化与可视化分析。研究表明，新型双自由基分子可通过共价锚定形成致密且均匀的单层结构，而传统分子因无序堆叠形成杂化结构，导致组装密度较低且均匀性较差。基于上述新材料，长春应化所联合隆基绿能中央研究院，制备了系列钙钛矿光伏器件。研究发现，小面积器件实现了26.3%的光电转换效率，微模组效率达23.6%。在面积扩展后，效率衰减显著降低，器件运行稳定性明显提升，远超传统自组装材料及器件。将新材料及钙钛矿光伏器件与晶硅电池相结合，钙钛矿-晶硅叠层器件效率达34.2%。据悉，上述研究为解决钙钛矿太阳能电池中传输材料的导电性、稳定性和大面积加工难题提供了全新分子设计范式，并通过原创表征技术建立了分子组装态性能的精准评估体系，为下一代高效稳定钙钛矿光伏组件的产业化注入了驱动力。（青云）","kind":"news","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"1","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":1,"need_auth":false,"code":"91000000","status":"200"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false},"APP":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)","isDev":false,"isTTM":false,"tenantId":"TBCN","deviceId":"web-server-community-laohu8-v3","version":"4.36.2","shortVersion":"4.36.2","platform":"web","vendor":"web","appName":"laohu8","isIOS":false,"isAndroid":false,"isTiger":false,"isTHS":false,"isWeiXin":false,"isWeiXinMini":false,"isWeiBo":false,"isQQ":false,"isBaiduSwan":false,"isBaiduBox":false,"isDingTalk":false,"isToutiao":false,"isOnePlus":false,"isHuaWei":false,"isXiaomi":false,"isXiaomiWebView":false,"isOppo":false,"isVivo":false,"isSamsung":false,"isMobile":false},"href":"/m/news/2551596948","isCrawlerRequest":true}