人形机器人“好用”的关键：特斯拉Optimus22自由度灵巧手方案解析 | 投研报告

中国能源网2025-01-06

华鑫证券近日发布人形机器人“好用”的关键：特斯拉Optimus22自由度灵巧手方案解析，以下为研究报告摘要：灵巧手的需求来源于柔性制造人体结构是最适应现代文明的进化形态，同理，“人造人”是最贴近人类日常生产生活需求的机器人形态。华鑫证券近日发布人形机器人“好用”的关键：特斯拉Optimus22自由度灵巧手方案解析。以下为研究报告摘要：灵巧手的需求来源于柔性制造人体结构是最适应现代文明的进化...

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report","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":null,"symbols_score_info":{"TSLA":1,"TSYW.SI":0.6,"TSLL":1},"content_text":"华鑫证券近日发布人形机器人“好用”的关键：特斯拉Optimus22自由度灵巧手方案解析，  以下为研究报告摘要： 灵巧手的需求来源于柔性制造 人体结构是最适应现代文明的进化形态，同理，“人造人”是最贴近人类日常生产生活需求的机器人形态。华鑫证券近日发布人形机器人“好用”的关键：特斯拉Optimus22自由度灵巧手方案解析。以下为研究报告摘要：灵巧手的需求来源于柔性制造人体结构是最适应现代文明的进化形态，同理，“人造人”是最贴近人类日常生产生活需求的机器人形态。将自动化生产线转变为柔性制造车间，需要寻求智能的解决方案，而这种解决方案可以由灵巧手和人形机器人来缔造，并且有机器学习和类脑智能技术的加持，数字化的日常生活都能成为人形机器人的学习资料，智能性将持续深化。可以让机器人像人一样使用工具的灵巧手，是提升机器人柔性操作能力的关键部件，是柔性制造避不开的一环。特斯拉OptimusGen3灵巧手有三大变化，三大变化均指向丝杠用量提升我们推测，特斯拉下一代灵巧手方案是N自由度、N腱绳、N执行器方案。根据10月10日特斯拉在发布会上的演示视频，特斯拉新一代灵巧手采用腱绳驱动的传动方式，肌腱的一端固定在指尖(骨骼)中，另一端连接到执行器(肌肉)。目前Opimus灵巧手自由度为22个，已与人手处于相当水平。我们推测，特斯拉手部执行器数量在17/22个。驱动器外置带来自由度提升：驱动器后置集成在手臂上可以放入更多的驱动器，直接增加灵巧手的自由度；采用丝杠替代蜗杆：二者作用均是将旋转运动转变为直线运动，采用丝杠能有效提升灵巧手的精度和载荷能力，提高传动效率；采用腱绳替代扭力弹簧：上一代机器人手指伸展主要依靠扭力弹簧复原，但现在采用一根单独的腱绳完成伸展，灵活性进一步提高。Optimus灵巧手后续进展演绎灵巧手工程量占据Optimus工程量的50%。灵巧手作为机器人上最重要的末端执行器，我们认为其设计和构造必然会随着机器人的应用场景改变而改变。现阶段仍然没有办法打造出同时具备低成本、长寿命、高精细化的灵巧手。这一代22自由度的Optimus灵巧手已经在自由度上接近人手，但腱绳结构还是存在一定程度上的不足。在实际应用中出于实用性和成本考虑，灵巧手必然、会迭代出多个版本，使得不同场景中的机器人可以灵活搭配上不同灵巧手来完成相对确定场景中的工作。应用场景特性不同，采购不同版本的灵巧手的成本会低于采购不同版本的机器人，灵巧手是机器人走向“好用”的关键。灵巧手关键零部件解析灵巧手价值量最高的三个部件即丝杠、电机、减速器，推荐标的包括：1）丝杠：双林股份、贝斯特、北特科技、五洲新春；2）空心杯电机和减速器：鸣志电器、兆威机电、雷赛智能；3）总成：捷昌驱动、兆威机电。风险提示机器人下游应用不及预期地缘政治风险研发进度不及预期（华鑫证券 林子健）","kind":"news","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"1","news_tag":"productRelease","news_rank":0,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":0,"need_auth":false,"code":"91000000","status":"200"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":1,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false},"APP":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; 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